HISTORY FINAL

Question 1

Who was Christopher Columbus?

Answer 1

Italian explorer who completed four voyages across the Atlantic, opening the Americas to European colonization (1492).

Question 2

What empire did Francisco Pizarro conquer?

Answer 2

The Inca Empire in Peru.

Question 3

What is cartography?

Answer 3

The science and art of making maps.

Question 4

What is a caravel?

Answer 4

A small, fast ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in the 15th–17th centuries.

Question 5

Define conquistador.

Answer 5

Spanish soldier-explorers who conquered native civilizations in the Americas.

Question 6

What were the 3 G’s that motivated European exploration?

Answer 6

• God
• Gold
• Glory

Question 7

What deadly disease did Europeans bring that killed millions of Native Americans?

Answer 7

Smallpox.

Question 8

What is mercantilism?

Answer 8

Economic policy where colonies exist to benefit the mother country.

Question 9

What was Roanoke?

Answer 9

The ‘Lost Colony’; England’s first attempt at a permanent settlement in North America, which mysteriously disappeared.

Question 10

When was Jamestown founded?

Answer 10

1607.

Question 11

What was the Headright System?

Answer 11

A land grant system encouraging colonists to bring more settlers, giving 50 acres for each individual brought.

Question 12

What was the House of Burgesses?

Answer 12

The first elected legislative assembly in colonial America (Virginia).

Question 13

Who were the Pilgrims?

Answer 13

English separatists who founded Plymouth Colony for religious freedom.

Question 14

What was the Mayflower Compact?

Answer 14

Agreement signed by Pilgrims and Strangers to form a self-government.

Question 15

What was the Triangular Trade?

Answer 15

Trade between Europe, Africa, and the Americas, including slaves.

Question 16

What was the Middle Passage?

Answer 16

The brutal sea journey that brought enslaved Africans to the Americas.

Question 17

What are plantations?

Answer 17

Large farms that used slave labor to grow cash crops.

Question 18

Who was George Washington?

Answer 18

1st U.S. President; commander of the Continental Army in the Revolution.

Question 19

What is the Constitution?

Answer 19

The supreme law of the U.S., establishing the framework of government (1787).

Question 20

What does the Executive Branch do?

Answer 20

Enforces laws; led by the President.

Question 21

Who was Thomas Jefferson?

Answer 21

3rd U.S. President; author of the Declaration of Independence.

Question 22

What was the Louisiana Purchase?

Answer 22

1803 land deal where the U.S. bought territory from France, doubling its size.

Question 23

What was the War of 1812 about?

Answer 23

Conflict between the U.S. and Britain over trade and impressment.

Question 24

What was the Monroe Doctrine?

Answer 24

U.S. policy opposing European interference in the Americas (1823).

Question 25

What was the Indian Removal Act?

Answer 25

Law that forced Native Americans to relocate west of the Mississippi.

Question 26

What was the significance of the Emancipation Proclamation?

Answer 26

1863 decree freeing slaves in Confederate states.

Question 27

What were Jim Crow Laws?

Answer 27

Laws enforcing racial segregation in the South.

Question 28

What was the impact of the Lewis and Clark expedition?

Answer 28

Explored the new Louisiana Territory, mapped the land, discovered new animals and plants.

Question 29

Who were the Muckrakers?

Answer 29

Journalists who exposed corruption and social injustices.

Question 30

What was the significance of the Freedmen's Bureau?

Answer 30

Helped former slaves transition to freedom by providing food, medical care, and schools.

Question 31

What was the Fugitive Slave Act?

Answer 31

Law requiring escaped slaves to be returned to their owners.

Question 32

Who was Harriet Tubman?

Answer 32

Former slave who helped others escape to freedom via the Underground Railroad.

Question 33

What did the Kansas-Nebraska Act allow?

Answer 33

States to vote on slavery (1854).

Question 34

What was the significance of the Compromise of 1850?

Answer 34

Allowed the issue of slavery to be decided by popular sovereignty.

Question 35

What was the Amnesty Act of 1872?

Answer 35

Restored voting rights to most former Confederates.

Question 36

What was the impact of Sherman’s March to the Sea?

Answer 36

Weakened the South’s ability to fight and helped end the war faster.

Question 37

What did the Battle of Vicksburg accomplish?

Answer 37

Union victory that gave control of the Mississippi River.

Question 38

What was the significance of the Battle of Manassas?

Answer 38

Also known as the First Battle of Bull Run; early Confederate victory.

Question 39

Who was Ulysses S. Grant?

Answer 39

Union general who won the Civil War and later became president.

Question 40

What did the Radical Reconstruction aim to achieve?

Answer 40

Punish the South and protect freed slaves' rights.

Question 41

What was the Temperance Movement?

Answer 41

Movement to ban alcohol in the U.S.

Question 42

What were the Progressive Amendments?

Answer 42

* 16th (income tax) * 17th (direct election of senators) * 18th (Prohibition) * 19th (women’s vote)

Question 43

What was the impact of the Gilded Age on America?

Answer 43

America became more industrial with growth in railroads, factories, and big businesses.

Question 44

What challenges did immigrants face during the Gilded Age?

Answer 44

Crowded living conditions, long work hours for low pay, and discrimination.