History Final Exam

Question 1

The 19th century doctrine that westward expansion of the United States was not only inevitable but a God-given right.

Answer 1

Manifest Destiny

Question 2

A trail from Independence, Missouri, to Oregon that was used by pioneers in the mid-1800s.

Answer 2

Oregon Trail

Question 3

The fortified former mission in San Antonio that was the site of 1836 defeat and slaughter of Texans by Mexican troops.

Answer 3

Alamo

Question 4

A preacher who works to renew the importance of religion in American life

Answer 4

Revivalists

Question 5

Member of the religion which believes that God is a single divine being rather than a trinity

Answer 5

Unitarians

Question 6

Member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, which was organized in 1830 by Joseph Smith

Answer 6

Mormons

Question 7

A person who has been freed from slavery

Answer 7

Freedman

Question 8

A rule lasting from 1836 to 1844 that banned debate about slavery in Congress

Answer 8

Gag Rule

Question 9

A principle in which the people are the only source of government power

Answer 9

Sovereignty

Question 10

To withdraw formally from a membership in a group or an organization

Answer 10

Secede

Question 11

An antislavery political party in the mid-1800s

Answer 11

Free-Soil Party

Question 12

A system that existed before the Civil War in which African American and white abolitionists helped escaped slaves travel to safe areas in the North and in Canada

Answer 12

Underground Railroad

Question 13

A law that required all citizens to aid in apprehending runaway slaves; a part of the Compromise of 1850

Answer 13

Fugitive Slave Act

Question 14

During the Civil War, a state that allowed slavery but remained in the Union: Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri

Answer 14

Border States

Question 15

A military tactic in which a navy prevents vessels from entering or leaving its enemy’s ports

Answer 15

Blockade

Question 16

Supplies captured from an enemy during wartime

Answer 16

Contraband

Question 17

A military strategy in which an army attacks not only enemy troops but also the economic and civilian resources that support them

Answer 17

Total War

Question 18

A military tactic in which an enemy is surrounded and all supplies are cut off in an attempt to force a surrender

Answer 18

Siege

Question 19

A certificate bought from the government that promises to pay the holder back the purchase amount plus interest at a future date

Answer 19

Bonds

Question 20

An 1862 law that gave 160 acres of land to citizens willing to live on and cultivate it for five years

Answer 20

Homestead Act

Question 21

A belief that the government has any power not forbidden by the constitution.

Answer 21

Loose construction

Question 22

A belief that the government is limited to powers clearly stated in the constitution.

Answer 22

Strict Construction

Question 23

A 1794 uprising in western Pennsylvania that opposed the federal excise tax on whiskey

Answer 23

Whiskey Rebellion

Question 24

An official ban or restriction on trade.

Answer 24

Embargo

Question 25

A war between the Barbary States and the United States

Answer 25

Barbary War

Question 26

The 1803 purchase from France by the United States of the territory between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains.

Answer 26

Louisiana Purchase

Question 27

Members of Congress who pushed for war against Great Britain in the years leading up to the War of 1812.

Answer 27

War Hawks

Question 28

A canal completed in 1825 that connected Lake Erie too to the Hudson River.

Answer 28

Erie Canal

Question 29

A road that requires users to pay a toll

Answer 29

Turnpikes

Question 30

A road by the federal government in the early 1800s that extended from Maryland to Illinois

Answer 30

National Roads

Question 31

A person who favors native-born inhabitants over immigrants

Answer 31

Nativists

Question 32

Loyalty and devotion to one’s nation.

Answer 32

Nationalism

Question 33

An 1820 agreement calling for the admission of Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, and banning slavery in the Louisiana Purchase north of the 36℉ 30℉ N latitude

Answer 33

Missouri Compromise

Question 34

A forced march of the Cherokee Indians to move west of the Mississippi in the 1830s

Answer 34

Trail of Tears

Question 35

An act passed by Congress in 1830 that allowed the federal government to negotiate land exchanges with the American Indian in the Southeast.

Answer 35

Indian Removal Act

Question 36

Members of the nationalist political party formed in the 1832 in opposition to the democrats

Answer 36

Whigs

Question 37

A closed meeting of party members for the purpose of choosing a candidate.

Answer 37

Caucus

Question 38

Practice of the political party in power giving jobs and appointments to its supporters, rather than to people based on their qualifications.

Answer 38

Spoils System

Question 39

A theory that states that states could nullify, or void, any federal law they deemed unconstitutional.

Answer 39

Nullification

Question 40

An 1814 meeting of Federalists from New England who opposed the War of 1812 and demanded constitutional amendments to empower the region.

Answer 40

Hartford Convention

Question 41

Those who favored loose construction and those who supported strict construction most strongly differed on which of the following issues?

Answer 41

the extent of federal power

Question 42

In what sense was Thomas Jefferson's election in 1800 a revolution?

Answer 42

It signaled a shift away from Federalist policy and ideology.

Question 43

President Jefferson and other Americans were angered by the attack on the Chesapeake because

Answer 43

it represented an affront to the nation's sovereignty

Question 44

In the early 1800s, American foreign policy was largely defined by

Answer 44

struggles with Britain and France

Question 45

Which of the following groups was most affected by the Tariff of 1816?

Answer 45

Farmers

Question 46

What did the Adams-Onís Treaty do?

Answer 46

It expelled American Indians from American territory

Question 47

The Tariff of Abominations and subsequent nullification crises signified a growing crisis in the United States over

Answer 47

sectional differences

Question 48

What effect did the Whiskey Rebellion have on the relationship between the Federalists and antiFederalists?

Answer 48

it intensified their conflict and encouraged the development of two parties

Question 49

Why was the Battle of New Orleans significant?

Answer 49

Not realizing a peace treaty had been signed, outnumbered Americans fought and won the battle to save New Orleans

Question 50

In order for the United States to expand westward, with which country would it most likely come into conflict?

Answer 50

Mexico

Question 51

Based on the area's geography, into which Spanish territory was the United States most likely to expand first?

Answer 51

Texas

Question 52

Which of the following compromises offered a solution to the problem posed by Texas?

Answer 52

Acquisition of Oregon Territory

Question 53

Which population group suffered the most as a result of mining activities and related policies?

Answer 53

American Indians

Question 54

The work of Henry David Thoreau most supported which aim of the Transcendentalist movement?

Answer 54

to seek truth within the individual and in nature

Question 55

The Second Great Awakening contributed to increased popular support for which of the following groups?

Answer 55

Social Reforms

Question 56

What did the Gag Rule demand?

Answer 56

no discussion of slavery take place in Congress

Question 57

How did industrialization lead to improvements in the status of women?

Answer 57

by providing economic opportunities outside of the home

Question 58

How did Spanish leaders stimulate New Mexico's population and economic growth?

Answer 58

By creating alliances with the American Indians

Question 59

Many of the Mountain Men who created trails through the Rockies saw financial opportunities in

Answer 59

Fur Trading

Question 60

How was the idea of Manifest Destiny used to justify westward expansion?

Answer 60

Many thought the United States had a right to own all of North America.

Question 61

The Mexican government hoped that if they allowed Americans to settle in Texas, the Americans would

Answer 61

encourage economic growth

Question 62

How did the passage of the Fugitive Slave Act affect opinions about slavery in the North?

Answer 62

It drove moderate northerners to side with the abolitionists.

Question 63

How did the American Party differ from the Free-Soil Party?

Answer 63

The American Party focused on immigration rather than slavery.

Question 64

Which factor contributed most to President Lincoln's decision to announce the Emancipation Proclamation in September 1862?

Answer 64

an improvement in the military situation

Question 65

The Emancipation Proclamation limited the abolition of slavery to certain regions in order to?

Answer 65

maintain the support of political leaders in the border states.

Question 66

Which statement makes an accurate comparison of Union and Confederate Army policies?(on African Americans)

Answer 66

The Union Army benefited from African American soldiers while the Confederate Army resisted enlisting of slaves.

Question 67

Which of these events did the most to bring an end to the Civil War?(Battle)

Answer 67

the end of the siege of Vicksburg

Question 68

Which of these changed most dramatically as the Civil War turned into a prolonged conflict?(How the people view it)

Answer 68

the relative levels of public support enjoyed by the Union and the Confederacy

Question 69

The founding of the Free -Soil party

Answer 69

called for popular sovereignty as a way to resolve the slavery issue.

Question 70

One advantage which contributed to the North's victory was?

Answer 70

strong military leadership under Generals Grant and Sherman.

Question 71

What major difference between the Union and Confederate armies became apparent during the siege of Petersburg in 1864?

Answer 71

The Union army had superior numbers of replacement troops in reserve.

Question 72

What was the result of the protective tariff passed in 1862?

Answer 72

Industrial development in the North surged because the tariff made imported goods more expensive.

Question 73

In 1865, Congress proposed the Thirteenth Amendment, which would

Answer 73

abolish slavery in the United States.

Question 74

The main reason the Union wanted control of the Mississippi River was to

Answer 74

effectively split the Confederacy in two.

Question 75

The main idea of President Lincoln's "Gettysburg Address" was that

Answer 75

the Civil War was being fought to preserve the nation

Question 76

Why was Pickett's Charge significant?

Answer 76

Its failure gave the Union victory at the Battle of Gettysburg

Question 77

What did General Winfield Scott's "Anaconda Plan" entail?

Answer 77

cutting off Confederate supply lines by taking control of the Mississippi River

Question 78

How did President Lincoln respond to the Confederacy's attack on Fort Sumter?

Answer 78

He declared the Confederacy's actions to be an insurrection and asked for volunteers to fight.

Question 79

Among the events leading to the Civil War

Answer 79

the Compromise of 1859 increases slave representation and hostility between the North and South.