HISTORY FINAL GRIND Flashcards
(92 cards)
haymarket riot
A scandal in which a bomb was thrown during a protest for labor rights and 8 people were arrested and tried for the crime without any evidence
13th amendment
Outlawed slavery; was the principle amendment behind the civil war
plessy v Ferguson
Court case where Homer Plessy, an American who was 1/8 black, was taken off the white train car for his mixed race. The case escalated until it reached the supreme court, where it was concluded that black and white facilities would remain “Separate but Equal”
Jim crow laws
Legalized and encouraged segregation in public institutions, being an infamous legal verdict which completely negated the new progressive values of racial equality
disenfranchisement methods
Methods which were used to devalue and negate the African American vote after the 15th amendment granted all citizens, no matter the race, the right to vote. These methods included a poll tax (having to pay to vote), literacy tests (worked because African Americans had little to no access to adequate education), the grandfather clause (stated that your grandfather had to be able to vote for you to vote), violence, and intimidation.
World Columbian Expo
The Chicago World’s Fair of 1893 was an exposition meant to showcase the world’s developing technology and cultures. 27 million people attended the exhibit, and while the technology sections were cool, the cultural sections were often very racist and ridiculed the people involved in the exhibition. The Chicago World’s Fair completely transformed the city into a technologically advanced powerhouse.
Ellis island
New York immigration post where incoming migrants were admitted into the US
ethnic cities
Often when immigrants came to the US, they naturally traveled to large cities, increasing those cities’ diversity. New York especially had a high level of ethnic diversity, with groups such as the Italians forming their own ethnic centers. These became known as, for the sake of an example, Little Italy or Chinatown, and were the main operating bases for many of the incoming immigrants.
nativism
Discrimination against foreign immigrants by American-born Americans; especially occurred amongst Irish in the 1800s and Eastern Europeans and Chinese in the early 1900s (along with other ethnicities)
urbanization
As industrialization was taking place in the gilded age, rural life began to sprout less opportunities than urban life, causing many to move to the cities. This forced a new era of urbanization, where cities were forced to rapidly expand in order to accomodate the incoming rural residents.
tenements
Units of housing which were overcrowded, compacted, and had horrible living conditions; prevalent in large cities (such as New York) and among the working class
skyscrapers
During the gilded age period of urbanization, skyscrapers began construction as elegant and intimidating towers meant to provide more real estate in city centers. Big cities began to build up after the urban areas began to crowd, giving way to skyscrapers. Chicago notably constructed skyscrapers after the Chicago Fire, being one of the first cities to do so. This required the production of steel.
progressive movements
New movements which gained momentum in the early 1900s advocating for worker’s rights; Teddy Roosevelt was a notable progressive supporter.
muckraking
Journalism which sought to expose famous celebrities or businesses; was used commonly during the Gilded Age in order to denounce businesses for cruel practices
“The Jungle”
A book by Upton Sinclair which revealed the outrageously disgusting conditions inside the work industry, particularly the factory meat market, and questioned the extent to which businesses were allowed to reduce the quality of operating practices before legality was debated.
Ida B Wells
American activist who was protesting the lack of involvement of African Americans in the world’s fair and the frequent lynching and and killing of black people by mobs
Triangle shirtwaist fire
Incident in which factory workers were locked inside their building when a fire erupted, causing many to either perish from the fire or jump from the building. This raised protests for companies’ considerations of worker safety, particularly in the market of manual labor.
Imperialism
-Ideology which encouraged expansion into foreign territories in order to promote global influence. Common with European nations at the time (e.g. Britain, France) which set up foreign colonies in order to spread their influence. The United States was divided in respect to this issue, as many preferred a policy of isolationism while others were stubborn about the hesitance people had about foreign expansion.
social darwinism
The belief that “Survival of the Fittest” applied to race and American society, where whites, the societally triumphing race, were thought of as superior compared to other classes, and the upper class was thought of as better than the lower class
yellow journalism
Form of media similar to modern-day clickbait which exaggerated and exploded aspects of journalism in order to hook and retain attention; played a large role in encouraging Americans to support involvement in the Spanish American War after the actions of Spain were massively upplayed.
USS Maine
The USS Maine was sunk, starting the Spanish American War, although it was unconfirmed whether the Spanish actually sunk the ship or not.
fighting in cuba
The Cubans had been fighting the Spanish for years on end, and the US had assisted them in taking the country from the Spanish.
results of the Spanish war
The Spanish had to cede the territories of the Philippines, Puerto Rico, Cuba, and Guam to the United States. Notably, many of these countries thought that supporting the United States in expelling the Spanish would gain them sovereignty, but really, they were just being transferred from one colonial power to another.
militarization
Military technology was improving and countries were progressively scaling up their arsenals in anticipation of a major war.
