History final multiple choice questions Flashcards by McKenzie Martell

Which of these new ways of thinking were NOT part of the Scientific Revolution?
a) Rationalism
b) Speculative Reasoning
c) Sensationalism
d) Scientific Method

b- Speculative Reasoning

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Which of these was NOT an effect of the Enlightenment?
a) More affectionate child-rearing methods
b) Rise of reform movements
c) Greater questioning of government forms
d) none of the above

d- None of the above

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When was the peak of Enlightenment thinking?
a) 1710s
b) 1730s
c) 1750s
d) 1810s

c- 1750s

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Which of these 18th-century agricultural reforms financially hurt poor European laborers?
a) Expanded food production
b) Enclosure
c) Creation of serfdom
d) Adoption of new crops, like potatoes and beans

b- Enclosure

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What ideology did the Holy Alliance ascribe to?
a) Conservativism
b) Liberalism
c) Nationalism
d) Socialism

a- Conservativism

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What was romanticism?
a) A growing emphasis on forming romantic marriages
b) A sect of religious thinking
c) A cultural movement that emphasized emotionalism and sentimentality
d) None of the above

c- A cultural movement that emphasized emotionalism and sentimentality

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Which of these was NOT a component of the Consumer Revolution?
a) People increasingly defined their self-identity through consumerism
b) It emphasized individualism
c) Rural areas were just as affected by the Consumer Revolution as urban areas
d) Clothing became a major indicator of identity and class

c- Rural areas were just as affected by the Consumer Revolution as Urban Areas

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How did Napoleon address slavery in the French Empire?
a) He abolished slavery throughout France and the French Colonies
b) He only abolished slavery in France, but allowed slavery in the colonies
c) He reinstated slavery after the government had previously abolished slavery
d) The French empire never used enslaved labor

c- He reinstated slavery after the government had previously abolished slavery

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Otto von Bismarck championed the idea of Realpolitik. What reasoning did this approach to politics rely on?
a) Speculative Reasoning
b) Practical or non-idealistic Reasoning
c) Moralistic Reasoning
d) Empathetic Reasoning

b- Practical or non-idealistic Reasoning

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Which of these was the driving force of New Imperialism?
a) Desire for Natural Resources
b) Nationalism
c) European technological and military might
d) All of the above

d- All of the above

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Where did most European emigrants go during the mass migration of the late 19th to Early 20th centuries?
a) The USA
b) India
c) Canada
d) Australia

a- the United States of American

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Which of these affected the mass European migration during the late 19th to early 20th century?
a) Forced nations to standardize immigration policies
b) fueled industrialization
c) increased a sense of western superiority
d) All of the above

d- All of the above

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Who originally proposed the League of Nations?
a) David Lloyd George
b) Woodrow Wilson
c) Otto von Bismark
d) Kaiser Wilhelm II

b- Woodrow Wilson

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Which of these was an artistic movement during the early 20th century?
a) Nihilism
b) Dadaism
c) Stoicism
d) None of the above

b- Dadaism

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How did the Great Depression change family structure?
a) Young people postponed marriage
b) People had less children
c) It did not change family structure
d) Both a and b

d- Both a and b

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What led to Vatican City being left out of WWII?
a) Catholic Neutrality Agreement
b) Lateran Treaty
c) Treaty of Craiova
d) The Treaty of Peace with Italy

b- Lateran Treaty

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What country in Europe was an important place of the early enlightenment because of its religious tolerance?
a) England
b) Poland
c) Dutch Republic
d) France

c- Dutch Republic

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What us the name of the book that outlined the ideas of early European capitalism?
a) The Invisible Hand
b) The Theory of Moral Sentiments
c) Lectures on Jurisprudence
d) The Inquiry into Nature and Causes of Wealth of Nations

d- Inquiry into Nature and Causes of Wealth of Nations

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Louis XV kicked this religious order out of France in 1763:
a) Jesuits
b) Protestants
c) Methodists
d) Anabaptists

a- Jesuits

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This political group is the one that voted to put King Louis XIV to death:
a) The Mountain
b) Gridirons
c) Monastery
d) Cordeliers

a- The Mountain

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Which was a modernist visual art movement?
a) Futurism
b) Impressionism
c) Surrealism
d) All of the above

d- All of the above

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How did Hitler’s forces crush Poland so quickly at the beginning of the war?
a) The Nazis had large armies due to their alliance with Spain
b) Nazi blitzkrieg strategy was incredibly effective in overwhelming their enemies
c) France gave Poland over to Hitler as appeasement
d) The Polish willingly gave themselves to reform German Empire

b- Nazi blitzkrieg strategy was incredibly effective in overwhelming their enemies

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Who was NOT a European leader during WWII?
a) Benito Mussolini
b) Joseph Stalin
c) Vladimir Lenin
d) Winston Churchill

c- Vladimir Lenin

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William Blake, called factories “satanic mills”, was a poet of this movement:
a) Transcendentalism
b) Romanticism
c) Dada
d) Orientalism

b- Romanticism

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This war was the result of Russian attempts to grab land from the Ottoman Empire: a) Crimean War b) Anglo-Turkish War c) Russo-Persian War d) November Uprising

a- Crimean War

What political party's win in 1919 Germany caused major upheaval? a) Social democrats b) Weimar Party c) Nazi Party d) Communist Part

a- Social democrats

Freud described 3 parts of the self, the id, the ego, and the... a) Soul b) Conscious c) Superego d) Subconscious

c- Superego

Which of the following did NOT make important discoveries related to European medical knowledge? a) Louis Pastuer b) Joseph Lister c) Victor Hugo d) Edward Jenner

c- Victor Hugo

What concept did Adam Smith's description of the pin factory introduce? a) Scarcity of Resources b) Free Markets c) Division of Labor d) Comparative Advantage

c- Division of Labor

Which of the following was NOT a lead in the Scientific Revolution? a) Robert Boyle b) Friedrich Nietzche c) Rene Descartes d) Willian Harvey

b- Friedrich Nietzche

What was the purpose of the Congress of Vienna? a) Restore Europe's territorial divisions to the pre-Napoleonic days b) Make France pay for war reparations c) Reinstate Napoleon to power d) Avoid war with Germany through appeasement

a- Restore Europe's territorial divisions to the pre-Napoleonic days

What was he name of the paramilitary fascist group led by Benito Mussolini? a) Third Reich b) Cosa Nostra c) Red Coats d) Black shirts

d- Black Shirts

Who is often considered "the father of modern science" and one of the founders of the scientific method using experimentation? a) Nicolaus Copernicus b) Francis Bacon c) Immanuel Kant d) Abbe Raynal

b- Francis Bacon

Which of the following countries did NOT experience a revolution in the mid-19th century? a) Poland b) Greece c) Belgium d) They all experienced revolutions

d- They all experienced revolutions

Which was NOT a treaty talked about at any point in this class? a) Treaty of Brest-Litovsk b) The Paris Peace Treaties c) Treaty of Tordesillas d) We talked about all of them

c- Treaty of Tordesillas

What was the name of the British ocean liner that was sunk by a German U-boat, leading to increased American domestic public support for entering the war? a) RMS Titancis b) RMS Queen Mary c) RMS Lusitania d) RMS Queen Elizabeth

c- RMS Lusitania

The Berlin conference of 1884-1885 laid down some basic rules for imperialist competition in what region? a) Sub-Saharan Africa b) Latin America c) East Asia d) The Pacific

a- Sub-Saharan Africa

The Boer War was a conflict in which British troops defeated the ____ and led the consolidation of territories in _____. a) Ottomans; Ottoman Empire b) Belgians; the Congo c) Afrikaners; South Africa d) Egyptians; North Africa

c- Afrikaners; South Africa

Laissez Faire is a doctrine of economic liberalism that calls for: a) Government regulation of all market activities b) Unrestricted private enterprise and no government interference in the economy c) All enterprise to be distributed equally to all citizens d) Governments to provide funding for individual enterprise ventures

b- Unrestricted private enterprise and no government interference in the economy

The Nuremberg Trials of 1945-1946 resulted in... a) 12 Nazi leaders being sentenced to death b) 75 Nazi leaders being sentenced to death c) American soldiers being held accountable for war crimes d) Mussolini being executed by the British government for his involvement in WWII

a- 12 Nazi leaders being sentenced to death

Which politician famously gave the iron curtain speech in 1946? a) Harry Truman b) Joseph Stalin c) Benito Mussolini d) Winston Churchill

d- Winston Churchill

How did many newly independent African nations respond to the Cold War? a) Many embraced fascism b) Many allied with the U.S. c) Many embraced a policy of nonalignment d) No African nations gained independence during the Cold War era

c- Many embraced a policy of nonalignment

Which of these is an example of the decrease in Cold War tensions during the 1960s? a) Brezhnev Doctrine b) 1968 Prague Spring c) Helsinki Accords d) Neocolonialism

c- Helsinki Accords

Neoliberalism embraced which policy? a) Privatization b) Anti-consumerism c) Expanded social services d) World peace

a- Privitization

Which of these was a major social movement during the 1960s and 1970s? a) Feminist movement b) Environmental movement c) Separatist movements d) All of the above

d- All of the above

Voltaire was a... a) German dialect or patois b) French philosopher c) French juggler and biologist d) Ambassador to China from Hungarian Empire

b- French Philosopher

Which statement describes the core concept of the Enlightenment? a) The methods of natural science should be used to examine all aspects of life b) Understand nature requires an equal balance of science and faith c) Human beings are inherently corrupt d) All of reality can be reduced to mind and matter

a- The methods of natural science should be used to examine all aspects of life

What was mercantilism? a) A system of state-controlled trade and production b) Merchants' social philosophy of tobacco c) The self-advancement of the Mercedes family d) A proposal for merchandising China

a- A system of state-controlled trade and production

John Wesley was a founder of... a) Methodism b) The Baptist Church c) The Quaker sect d) The Catholic Church

a- Methodism

Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of Methodism? a) Popular enthusiasm and piety b) Field preaching c) Women preachers d) Faith healing through the use of wart medicine and pox

d- faith healing through the use of wart medicine and pox

Prior to the Revolution in France, how many estates were there? a) One b) Two c) Three d) Four

c- Three

What was Thomas Paine's relation to the French Revolution? a) He was a critic of the Revolution b) He was a supporter of the Revolution c) He was a spy for the British givernment d) He was an arms dealer

b- He was a supporter of the Revolution

At the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815, there was a pan-European peace conference to try to restore everything to the way it was. This was called... a) Great restoration b) Treaty of Versailles c) Congress of Vienna d) Convention of Worms

c- Congress of Vienna

What was the Crystal Palace? a) A magnificent display hall for the Great Exhibition of 1851 in London b) The actual name of Superman's fortress c) A shape discovered by chemists using a microschope d) The castle of the French emperor

a- A magnificent display hall for the Great Exhibition of 1851 in London

Otto von Bismark was a _____ politician. a) Conservative b) Liberal c) Socialist d) Progressive

Conservative

Marxism predicted... a) A future violent crash between the proletariat and the bourgeois b) New sources of magical knowledge c) The rise of a Jewish State d) An independent Germany

a- A future violent clash between the proletariat and the bourgeois

Eugenics was the science (or pseudo-science of... a) Racial Health b) Economic competency c) Political democracy d) Classical learning

a) Racial Health

Hitler's famous autobiography and manifesto was... a) Der Waalfisch b) Mein Kampf c) The End of the World d) The Evening of Life

b- Mein Kampf

The New Economic Policy was an economic plan in: a) The Soviet Union b) Nazi Germany c) FDR's United States d) Chamberlain's Britain

a- The Soviet Union

The 1930s saw a civil war between fascists and communists/republicans in: a) France b) Germany c) Russia d) Spain

d- Spain

Which country did Mussolini invade? a) Niger b) Ethiopia c) Zaire d) Botswana

b- Ethiopia

The English political philosopher Thomas Hobbes held that: a) Kings ruled by divine right b) A constitutional monarchy was possible only in England c) Mankind was inherently good and required no formal government d) The power of the ruler was absolute and prevented civil war

d- The power of the ruler was absolute and prevented civil war

Which aspect of society during the Enlightenment enabled elites in the Western world to justify the growth of slavery in the 18th century? a) The defense of social inequalities between men and women by certain philosophes b) The bureaucratic reform of practitioners of enlightened absolutism c) The emergence of scientific racism, which proposed a biological inferiority in races d) The philosophical belief that the masses were like children in need of firm guidance

c- The emergence of scientific racism, which proposed a biological inferiority in races.

Why did sugar and tea become commonly consumed by all social classes in the 18th century? a) Everyone wanted to support colonial expansion by consuming colonial products b) There was a steady drop in prices owing to the expanded use of colonial slave labor c) Drinking tea was seen as a sign of an increasingly egalitarian society d) The pace of work slowed, which allowed time for drinking tea

b- There was a steady drop in prices owing to the expanded use of colonial slave labor

How did labor in British families change in the 18th century? a) Family members increasingly adopted new machines that reduced the time of household labor significantly b) Husbands became more involved in managing the household c) Family members shifted labor away from unpaid work for household consumption and toward work wages d) family members increasingly scattered to diverse places of employment, rarely working together

c- Family members shifted labor away from unpaid work for the household consumption and toward work wages

The Romantic movement was characterized by: a) An emphasis on emotion, imagination, and spontaneity b) The Application of the Scientific method to the study of nature c) An emphasis on reason as a guiding principle d) The belief that one should be restrained and orderly

a- An emphasis on emotion, imagination, and spontaneity

Which statement best describes the core concept of Social Darwinism? a) The human race was driven by unending economic competition that would determine the survival of the fittest b) Genetics provided the mechanism by which favorable characteristics are passed into future generations c) Darwin's evolutionary theory could be best proven by a careful examination of the vast amount of numerical data collected by government in recent decades d) Gustav Le Bon was correct in asserting that strong, charismatic leaders could easily manipulate mass crowds

a- The human race is driven by unending economic competition that determine "survival of the fittest"

Which statement is an accurate characterization of a socialist party in Europe prior to 1914? a) Russian socialists tend to be the most moderate b) The German socialist party talked revolution but practiced reformism c) The British socialists, although not Marxist in orientation, were financially committed to revolution d) Powerful French labor unions controlled the French socialist part

b- German socialist party talked revolution but practiced reform

Why did Japan open its shores to western trade? a) To enter the world economy b) As a response to the U.S. military pressure c) As a result of the Meiji Restoration d) To reduce its dependence on China

b- As a response to the U.S. military pressure

Which statement describes the content of the "war guilt clause" in the Treaty of Versailles? a) All of the Great Powers involved in the war were equally responsible for starting the war b) All of the Great Powers with the exception of the U.S. were equally responsible for starting the war c) The Russian Empire was primarily responsible for starting the war, and the Soviet Union was obligated to pay reparation d) Germany (w/Austria) was responsible for the war and had to pay reparations

d- Germany (w/Austria) was responsible for the war and had to pay reparations

In his philosophical writings, Friedrich Nietzsche argued that: a) The Western World's emphasis on rationality had repressed the true passions that drive human activity and creativity b) Democracy, progress, and respectability were important ideas that no civilization could do without c) The individual must not accept the idea that human existence is meaningless d) Humans must overcome their animal instincts, which prevent them from refining their intellectual abilities and moral sensibilities

a- The Western World's emphasis on rationality had repressed the true passions that drive human activity and creativity

The Regimrd of Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union, Benito Mussolini in Italy, and Adolf Hitler in Germany were all: a) Communist b) Fascist c) Conservative Authoritarian d) Totalitarian

d- Totalitarian

Where did Nazi administrators initially gain experience in mass murder? a) The murder of Poles during the invasion of Poland b) The murder of Romani in Germany prior to the war c) The murder of Communists following following the burning of the German Reichstag (Parliament) d) The murder of the Germans with physical and mental disabilities prior to the war

d- The murder of Germans with physical and mental disabilities prior to the war

Immediately after WWII and until Stalin's death in 1953, the Soviet Union: a) experienced a period of general freedom b) underwent a consumer revolution c) reintroduced Lenin's New Economic Policy d) Became even more repressive

d- Became even more repressive

The industrious revolution as a result of: a) The reduction of holidays and festivals by the state to create more work days during the year, combined with laws requiring the closing of taverns 2 hours past sunset b) Efforts by Protestant and Catholic Churches to combat sin by promoting a gospel of prosperity and industry that would keep workers productive at their labors c) Merchant capitalists gaining greater authority over workers and forcing them into factories, where their work activity could be more closely monitored and controlled d) Poor families choosing to reduce leisure time and the production for goods for household consumption in order to earn wages to buy consumer goods

d- Poor families reducing leisure time and production of goods for household consumption to earn wages to buy good

Which two fundamental principles of the French Revolution were incorporated into the Napoleonic Code? a) The ideal of nationalism and the guarantee of civil rights to all people b) The rejection of monarchy and the adoption of republicanism c) The equality of all male citizens before the law and the absolute security of wealth and private property d) The abolition of slavery and the recognition of freedom of religion

c- The equality of all male citizens before the law and the absolute security of wealth and private property

How did industry grow in continental Europe? a) Belgium led continental Europe in adopting British technology for production b) Following the Napoleonic wars, France experienced a boom in factory production as the economy shifted from wartime to peacetime production c) Russia industrialized very rapidly once the serfs were emancipated in 186 d) Due to shifting emigration, factories opened in bigger population centers

a- Belgium led continental Europe in adopting British technology for production

In the 18th century, European public health measures: a) Improved water supply and sewage systems b) completely eradicated famine owing to increased supply lines c) Banned foreign soldiers from entering towns d) Blocked off roads and canals to prevent the spread of disease

a- improved water supply and sewage systems

Why did surgeons in the 18th century face incredible difficulties? a) They had only limited opportunities to practice surgical techniques b) Surgery was performed in utterly unsanitary conditions, which meant the simplest wound could become infected and lead to death c) They were reluctant to improve their knowledge of anatomy d) All operations were performed with anesthesia, but it was difficult to use and caused many deaths

b- Surgery was performed in utterly unsanitary condition, which meant the simplest would could become infected and lead to death

Who wrote "A Vindication of the Rights of Man (1790)" and "A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792)", the latter a founding text of the feminist movement? a) Olympe de Gouges b) Mary Wollstonecraft c) Abigal Adams d) Emile de Chatelet

b- Mary Wallstonecraft

Which statement best explains the marked changes in child-rearing practices observed in the late 19th and 20th centuries? a) Women had fewer children, allowing for more attention to be placed on each child b) Mothers depended on less advice from their mothers and grandmothers because of an increasing amount of literature on child rearing c) Woman increasingly hired wet nurses to free them to care for their other children d) The number of illegitimate children abandoned at foundling hospitals increase

a- Women had fewer children, allowing for more attention to be placed on each child

Middle-class fathers in the late 19th century, as opposed to their fathers and grandfathers, were expected to: a) Go out and earn a living b) Stay at home to raise the children c) Spend some time playing with their children d) Marry for economic gain

c- Spend time playing with children

Why did Italy, after declaring neutrality in 1914, decide to join the Triple Entente in 1915? a) It believed that Austria had launched a war of aggression b) It was promised Austrian territory in return c) The pope had convinced Italian leaders it was their Christian duty d) Growing Italian Nationalism shamed Italian leaders into doing so

b- It was promised Austrian land in return

How did Lenin respond to the peasant's seizure of land when he rose to power in 1917? a) He attacked the peasants so that he could collective all land b) He used the peasant's actions to coerce the nobility to support his new regime c) He mandated land reform that endorsed what the peasants had already done d) He required peasants to join the Red Army to earn the right to their land

c- He mandated land reform that endorse what the peasants had already done

The primary cause of the 1688-1689 Glorious Revolution was: a) A conflict between Charles II and parliament over taxation b) A fear that James II would establish Catholic Absolutism c) The defeat suffered in the War of Spanish Succession d) The 1640 uprising in Ireland

b- a fear that James II would establish Catholic absolutism

d- The power of the ruler was absolute and prevented civil war

In art, music, architecture, and literature, modernists: a) Continued artistic traditions from the 19th century b) Served at the behest of political authorities c) Shattered long-held assumptions about form and function d) Returned Western art to its Christian ideological foundations

c- Shattered long-held assumptions about form and function

History final multiple choice questions Flashcards

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