history final study

Question 1

Alfred Thayer Mahn

Answer 1

His concept of “sea power” was based on the idea that countries with greater naval power will have greater worldwide impact; Mahan served the Union in the American Civil War. Found that the War College was the perfect place for him to promote his bold views about naval reform. Idea that fleet and bases around the world are necessary

Question 2

Anaconda Plan

Answer 2

Proposed by General-in-Chief Winfield Scott, the plan emphasized the blockade of the Southern ports, and called for an advance down the Mississippi River to cut the South in two during the Civil War. Also block ohio river. Idea was to prevent supplies from traveling, and preventing foreign support.

Question 3

Battle of Horseshoe Bend

Answer 3

was fought during the War of 1812 in central Alabama. On March 27, 1814, United States forces and Indian allies under Major General Andrew Jackson[2] defeated the Red Sticks, a part of the Creek Indian tribe who opposed American expansion, effectively ending the Creek War.

Question 4

Battle of Trenton

Answer 4

Rev. War. Washington gambled by attacking the Hessians (German mercenaries). Wash. captured 900 soldiers and only suffered 2 causalities. December 26, 1776, after General George Washington’s crossing of the Delaware River north of Trenton, New Jersey

Question 5

Billy Mitchell

Answer 5

Mitchell served in France during World War I and, by the conflict’s end, commanded all American air combat units in that country. After the war, he was appointed deputy director of the Air Service and began advocating increased investment in air power, believing that this would prove vital in future wars. He argued particularly for the ability of bombers to sink battleships and organized a series of bombing runs against stationary ships designed to test the idea.
He antagonized many people in the Army with his arguments and criticism and, in 1925, was returned to his permanent rank of Colonel. Later that year, he was court-martialed for insubordination after accusing Army and Navy leaders of an “almost treasonable administration of the national defense”[2] for investing in battleships instead of aircraft carriers. He resigned from the service shortly afterward.

Question 6

Chester Nimitz

Answer 6

U.S. naval forces and Commander in Chief, Pacific Ocean Areas (CinCPOA), for U.S. and Allied air, land, and sea forces during World War II

Question 7

Crazy Horse

Answer 7

He took up arms against the U.S. Federal government to fight against encroachments on the territories and way of life of the Lakota people, including leading a war party at the Battle of the Little Bighorn in June 1876

Question 8

David Patraeus

Answer 8

Commander of the ISAF in iraq and Afghan, focus on tactics of counterinsurgency and nation building .

Question 9

Free Security

Answer 9

.

Question 10

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Answer 10

Aug. 6, 1945 U.S. dropped atomic bomb on Hiroshima killing at least 100,000 people. Aug. 9, 1945 second bomb is dropped by U.S. on Nagasaki killing 60, 000. Japan surrendered Sept. 2, 1945.

Question 11

Matthew Ridgway

Answer 11

Took command after MacArthur was fired by Pres. Truman during the Cold/Korean War. most famous for resurrecting the United Nations (U.N.) war effort during the Korean War. Several historians have credited Ridgway for turning the war around in favor of the UN side. His long and prestigious military career was recognized by the award of the Presidential Medal of Freedom on May 12, 1986 by President Ronald Reagan, who stated that “Heroes come when they’re needed; great men step forward when courage seems in short supply.”[1]

Question 12

Meuse-Argonne Offensive

Answer 12

Final allied offensive of WWI (sept. 26- Nov. 11, 1918), U.S. victory. Took place across the western front of Europe. Known for being the largest U.S. involved battle of WWI. No first artillery, use of cutting barbed wire first, send tanks first, and attack at night

Question 13

Operation DESERT STORM

Answer 13

War waged by U. N. athorized coalition forces led by the U.S. against Iraq. In response to Iraq’s first invasion of Kuwait. 34 U.N. nations were involved.

Question 14

Operation OVERLORD

Answer 14

Code name for the Battle of Normandy (June 6, 1944, WWII). Launched the invasion of German-occupied western Europe by allied forces.

Question 15

Operation RESTORE HOPE

Answer 15

Also known as the Battle of Mogadishu (Dec. 5, 1992-May 4, 1993). Created a protected environment for conducting humanitarian operations in the southern half of Somalia. Involved with the Black Hawk Down incident.

Question 16

Operation ROLLING THUNDER

Answer 16

Name given to the gradual and sustained bombing campaign against the North Vietnamese from Mar. 1965 until Nov. 1968. Terminated because it achieved none of its objectives.

Question 17

Powell Doctrine

Answer 17

Articulated by JCS Chair Colin Powell. The dominant thinking in U.S. military. Calls for U.S. intervention only if: 1) vital interest 2) clearly defined objectives 3) overwhelming forces 4) overwhelming support 5) a fast victory can be achieved (60 days War Powers Act) 6) broad international support.

Question 18

Sherman’s March to the Sea

Answer 18

is the name commonly given to the Savannah Campaign conducted through Georgia from November 15, 1864 to December 21, 1864 by Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman of the Union Army in the American Civil War. The campaign began with Sherman’s troops leaving the captured city of Atlanta, Georgia, on November 16 and ended with the capture of the port of Savannah on December 21. Sherman’s forces destroyed military targets as well as industry, infrastructure, and other civilian property. Military historian David J. Eicher wrote that Sherman “defied military principles by operating deep within enemy territory and without lines of supply or communication. He destroyed much of the South’s physical and psychological capacity to wage war.”[1]

Question 19

Tet Offensive

Answer 19

Jan. 1968 surprise attack by NVA on U.S., the Khe Sanh and Hue were the most notable battles. The U.S. won but lost creditability.

Question 20

War Powers Act

Answer 20

Passed by Congress after the Paris Peace Accords in 1973. States that the President can’t commit troops abroad for more than 60 days without congressional approval

Question 21

Water Cure (Philippine War):

Answer 21

as a phrase for a form of torture refers to a method in which the victim is forced to drink large quantities of water in a short time, resulting in gastric distension, water intoxication and possibly death. an old Filipino method of mild torture

Question 22

Winfield Scott

Answer 22

Known as “Old Fuss and Feathers” and the “Grand Old Man of the Army,” he served on active duty as a general longer than any other man in American history, and many historians rate him the best American commander of his time. Over the course of his forty-seven-year career, he commanded forces in the War of 1812, the Mexican-American War, the Black Hawk War, the Second Seminole War, and, briefly, the American Civil War, conceiving the Union strategy known as the Anaconda Plan that would be used to defeat the Confederacy. He served as Commanding General of the United States Army for twenty years, longer than any other holder of the office.

Question 23

Zachary Taylor

Answer 23

12th President of the U.S.. 40 year military career. Fought at Buena Vista even after directed not to. Won at Palo Alto, Resaca de la Palma, and Monterrey.