history finals 1 syllabus Flashcards
(42 cards)
define english civil war
Series of battles that lasted from 1642 to 1651
Define puritan
English protestant who wanted to reform the church of england
Define treason
The betrayal of ones country
Define republic
Form of government in which citizens have the right to vote and elect officials
Define restoration
The return to power of the english monarch after the english civil war
Define glorious revolution
The bloodless overthrow of king james of england in 1688
Define english bill of rights
A list of the constitutional rights of englands citizens
Define constitutional monarchy
A system of government where the monarchs powers are limited
how long was Henry VIII’s rule
1509-1547
How long was Elizabeth I’s rule
1558-1603
How long was james I’s rule
1603-1625
How long was charles I’s rule?
1625-1649
Define rationalism
The belief that knowledge is gainrd by thinking thing through using reason
Heliocentric theory
The theory that places the sun at the centre of the universe
Define heresy
A belief that goes against official church doctrine
Define inductive reasoning
The process of looking at specific facts and making general principles on rules based off those facts
Define scientific method
A method of usinv observation, experiments, and careful reasoning yo gain new knowledge
Name the significant figures in the scientific revolution and what they did
Polish astronomer Nicolaus copernicus: spent years tracking the movements of the sun, earth, and moon. Created the heliocentric theory
German astronomer johannes kepler: used mathematics to prove that earth revolves around the sun.
Italian mathematician galileo galilei: suported copernicus’s heliocentric theory. Built his own telescopr and saw that moond revolve around jupiter, he publishrd his findings in 1610 got accused of heresy and was put under house arrest. But his writings were published in the netherlands and he influenced many scientists. He dropped 2 stones from the tower of pisa and proved objects of different mass fall at the same speed.
English mathematician Isaac newton: discovered gravity and madr important advances in the study of light, maths, and motion. (Most important scientist of all time)
English philosopher francis bacon: creatrd inductive reasoning
French philosopher rene’ descartes: thought it was necessary to question everything except ideas that were certain beyond doubt. “I think, therfore i am”
Why was the work of muslim and jewish scholars important to the scientific revolution?
The scientific revolution reaches back to ancient and medieval times where ancient greeks used reason tk try and sicover laws that control the universe. Thinkers later on built on their ideas. Jewish and muslim scholars also studied greek leaening. They translated greek writings into arabic, latin, and hebrew, developed new ideas and even contributed to the creation if algebra.
How did the english bill of rights limit the powers of the monarchy?
The english bill of rights limited the monarchs powers as it was focused on letting citizens have free elections, freedom of speech and most importantly, the need of getting permission from the parliament before adding any new taxes and jailing someone unjustly.
How does a constitutional monarch differ from an absolute monarch?
A constitutional monarch is a monarchy limited by the law, while an absolute monarch has full power and control over the government
Why did monarchs and parliament come into conflict in the years before the english civil war?
Before the english civil war there was already tension between the monarch and the parliament. The monarchs like james I and charles I directly disobeyed the parliaments rules, and had established new taxes and even dissolved the monarchy for years. This conflict slowly led up to the english civil war.
What happened to the english government after the end of the civil war?
After the civil war had ended, amd oliver cromwell took power in 1653 the parliament had divided into 2 houses: the house of commons and the house of lords. The house of commons consisted of members who represemted their regions while the house of lords concisted members who inherited their role or were appointed by the monarch. After the civil war the house of commons abolished the monarch, house of lords, and the england church and officially delcared england a republic.
How did the english bill of rights provide a model for later governments?
The english bill of rights later influenced leaders lf the american revolution as they wrote the U.S. declaration of independence and the U.S. constitution
