history flash cards

Question 1

government

Answer 1

the governing body of a nation state or community
- three main types of goverment: monarchy, dictatorship, democracy
-functions of goverment: providing public services, elections,drivers lisence, health, economy.
-

Question 2

democracy

Answer 2

-gives desicion making power meaning the citizens get to make the best choice for there community
-types of democracy: direct, repersentititive/ in-direct

Question 3

direct democracy

Answer 3

• direct democracy: everyone gets a vote on major desicion (works best for small groups)
  -olny works if citizens agree to follow the decision with the most votes otherwise a democracy might not work for you

Question 4

repersentitive democracy

Answer 4

-indirect/ repersentitives: elect a few repersentitives who you trust to make all the choices for your community, if they make poor choices or choices that are not to your liking you may elect a new repersentitive.

Question 5

oligarcy

Answer 5

• a small group of people have all the power
  -can also mean that a few people control the country
  -sometimes it means that only a certain group has political rights

Question 6

autocracy

Answer 6

• one person runs the government making all the decisions
  -2 main types of auotocracy: monarchy, and dictatorship

Question 7

monarchy

Answer 7

-type of autocracy run by king and queen (run for life)
-constitution monarchy
-run by constitution
-responsibilitys they have
-make and enforce laws
-provide military and defense to protect the society
-work with other government including forgien,state, or local
-trade and tax citzens
-provide Ed. health, law, street matnaice, etc.

Question 8

dictatorship

Answer 8

• rules a nation by force making all the decisions
• a dictator has absolute control over citizens life
  -if there is a constitution the dictator has control over that constitution
  -although there are other branches of government like courts or a lawmaking body these branches do what the dictator wants them to do they don’t represent citizens

Question 9

anarchy

Answer 9

-no one is in control or everyone is
-an anarchy is when no one is in control everyone is doing whatever they want
- in an anarchy there is no dictatorship or democracy its simply when no ones in control
-there are no countries that have an anarchy as their form of government.

Question 10

theocracy

Answer 10

-a theocracy is a government that recognizes god or a divine being as the ultimate authority
-a theocracy can also be democracy, dictatorship,monarchy, or just about any other kind of government.

Question 11

tribe

Answer 11

-a collection of families headed usually by a male member of the community some led all by woman
-types of tribes: patriarchal meaning the tribe is led by a male member
-matriarchal meaning the tribe is led by a female member

Question 12

matriarchal

Answer 12

-meaning the tribe is led by its female members for example in Khasi, India, one million people live in a matriarchal society where mothers are the only people allowed to care for the area’s children. this also shows that men don’t have to be the only ones who rule a community

Question 13

patriarchal

Answer 13

meaning that the tribe is led by its male members.
-patriarchal is used all around the world, one of the examples is the use of the family name of the man after marriage

Question 14

BC

Answer 14

-BC stands for before Christ.
-years before Christ count backwards.
-larger years BC happened before smaller years BC, BC is places after the number
-EX. 1500BC

Question 15

BCE

Answer 15

• BCE stands for before common era
• much like BC which stands for before Christ
• BCE was invented because people wanted another abbreviation that wasn’t religious
  -this is why BCE is basically the same as BC people just wanted a non religious abbreviation

Question 16

AD

Answer 16

-AD stands for anno domini
-“year of out Lord” for events that occured after Jesus’ birth
-AD is places after a number
-for example if you were to say 1200 years AD you would put it like this
- 1200AD

Question 17

CE

Answer 17

• CE stands for common era
• much like AD, CE also means and talks about events that occured after Jesus’ birth
• similar to the BC and BCE situation people wanted another way of saying AD in an non religious type of way

Question 18

Buddhism

Answer 18

• a religion based on the teachings of sidd hurtha guatama, Buddha; Buddhism stresses that suffering is a basic part of life, that life is a cycle of death and rebirth, and that suffering can be overcome.

Question 19

Confucianism

Answer 19

Confucianismm is a set of believes, based on the teachings of confucius, that focused on proper conduct, respect for elders, scholarship and government service.

Question 20

Sui Dynasty

Answer 20

sui dynasty - powerful emporors reunite china. a great transportation network is built, including the grand canal linking the Huang and chang rivers. gunpower is invented.

Question 21

Period of Disunion

Answer 21

the period of disusion was after the Han dynasty collapsed in 220, China was split into several competing kingdoms, each ruled by military leaders. The era lasted for more than 350 years, from 220 to 589.

Question 22

hierarchy

Answer 22

-a hierarchy was developed in kingdoms to bring order
-each level provided loyalty to the level above, in return they get a peace of land and protection from invasions
-

Question 23

feudalism

Answer 23

feudalism political system:
-decentralized local government
- dependent upon the relationship between members of the nobility
-lord and his vassels administrated justice and were the highest authority in their land

Question 24

middle ages

Answer 24

-during the middle ages lots of invasions were happening, and many small kingdoms needed a way to protect themselves, a hierarchy was evuentually developed in kingdoms to bring order and protection to society, each level provided loyalty to the level above, in return they got a peice of land and protection from invasions.

Question 25

Christianity

Answer 25

a religion based on the teaching of Jesus Christ and believing that he is the son of god

Question 26

knights

Answer 26

-knights were the warrior class in Europe who fought on horseback, knights served there lords in exchange for land. Knights were medieval gentleman-soldiers, usually high-born, raised by a sovereign to privileged military status after training as a page and squire

Question 27

serfs/ peasents

Answer 27

- serfs were at the bottom of the hierarchy, they didn't own any land but worked for the knights and nobles who owned land. in return the peasants or serfs were given land and protection in return for there hard work.

Question 28

mongols

Answer 28

- the mongols were from the steppes of eastern central Africa. - they were nomadic people. - there empire was 13.8 million square miles - they were united under the leadership of temujin aka Genghis han -100 million people - built the largest empire stretching from Poland to china - about there empororis: born in 1167 - orphaned at 10 -mastered the art in steppe diplomacy - united mongol tribes into a single confendention - 1206 made Genghis han positive legacies - great horsemen and archers - large quickly moving armies - cutting edge weapons -masters at phychological warfare - mongols archers were accurate and deadly -negative legacies - spreading the black death -genghis slaughtered other cities to make them scared -how they governed under the mongols there way unpredicted long distance trade, mongols encouraged over seas trading - the black plague wiped out half of the population -weak leaders - droughts -

Question 29

Genghis Khan

Answer 29

- about there empororis: born in 1167 - orphaned at 10 -mastered the art in steppe diplomacy - united mongol tribes into a single confendention - 1206 made Genghis han

Question 30

Kublai Khan

Answer 30

- most famous ruler of the yuan empire -Government administered by Mongols and non-Chinese advisors -Allowed religious freedom but dismantled Confucian exam system -Kublai Khan moved the centers of power out of Mongol lands to China in the mid-1200s, and rested his capital city just outside of what is today Beijing. In the tradition of Chinese rulers, he also named his new empire the Yuan Dynasty, which means “beginning.” And truly, it was the beginning of something. Over time he eventually united all of China through conquest and acquisition, until in 1279 he conquered the Southern Song Dynasty.

Question 31

yasa

Answer 31

-The Yassa regulated combat, inheritance, and overall public law. The Yassa had three aims: to create a legal duty and enforcement mechanism to demand obedience to Genghis Khan; to bind together nomad clans and wider members of the Empire, and the creation of a criminal code.

Question 32

emporor wen

Answer 32

The son of the founder of the Han dynasty, Emperor Wen reigned for twenty-three years, longer than his four predecessors. It was a period of relative stability in ancient China. He abolished bodily mutilation and facial tattooing as punishments, replacing them with flogging and hard labor.

Question 33

mughals

Answer 33

-ruled from 1526-1857 -empire stretched from afghanistan, Pakistan, and most of the Indian subcontenint

Question 34

taj mahal

Answer 34

-built in the 17th century by Indian emporor shan Jahan - most famous example of Mughal architecture. - combining Indian, Persian, and Islamic influences. -took 22 years to build - cost around 32 million rupees - was made out of 28 different varieties of stone.

Question 35

Babur

Answer 35

- was a relative of Genghis khan - was a good leader because he was able to fight off the advances and maintain his rule - he won a great victory in the battle of khanwa -ruler of northern india - was a bad ruler because he struggled to maintain lands conquered, - he and his troops lost many battles.

Question 36

Akbar

Answer 36

- was a good ruler because he expanded the empire greatly -scored the throne during the height of the Mughal dynasty - established numores government reforms so that it can be more fair for people of every religion. - able to control his empire - has a good strategy - good military - rewarded talent - encouraged wealth and nobility - participated in religious festivals to make everyone feel welcome.

Question 37

Jahangir

Answer 37

- was a good leader because he was an excellent administrator - ruled in an era of relative stability and economic growth - had a role in Persian and European arts - was a bad leader because he was an alcoholic, opium drug user, and infamous for acts of brutality infected on Sikhs

Question 38

shah jahan

Answer 38

- was famous for the construction of the taj mahal which brought together many different religions and ethnicity's such as Indian Persian and Islamic architectual styles.

Question 39

Aurangzeb

Answer 39

- was a good leader because he had a good military and government administrator - was a bad leader because - intolerant to other religions - caused civilization obedience - taxed people who were not muslims

Question 40

checks and balances

Answer 40

- checks and balances provides each branch of government with individual powers to check the other branches and prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful.

Question 41

veto

Answer 41

- a Latin word meaning " I forbid" - also a legal power to stop an official action.