History G10

Question 1

When did the industrial revolution begin?

Answer 1

Towards the latter part of the 18th century in Britain

Question 2

What was the major reason for the emergence of the industrial revolution in Europe?

Answer 2

Trade

Question 3

Which countries engaged in colonization and extensive trade in the 18th century besides Britain?

Answer 3

• France
• Portugal
• Spain

Question 4

What financial condition in Britain contributed to the industrial revolution?

Answer 4

A wealthy class emerged that could invest money in industries

Question 5

What population trend in Britain contributed to the industrial revolution?

Answer 5

Rapid growth in population leading to high demand for goods

Question 6

What historical period contributed to the expansion of scientific knowledge in Europe?

Answer 6

The Renaissance (14th and 15th centuries)

Question 7

What minerals were found in Britain that were necessary for producing machinery?

Answer 7

• Iron
• Steel
• Coal

Question 8

What was the impact of Britain’s commercial laws on its colonies?

Answer 8

Colonies had to import productions from Britain

Question 9

What economic change occurred in agriculture in contemporary Britain?

Answer 9

Landowners combined small pieces of land into large farms (encroaching movement)

Question 10

What social environment in Britain supported industrial development?

Answer 10

Talented individuals could earn money irrespective of social status

Question 11

What political factor aided the industrial revolution in Britain?

Answer 11

Political stability and support for business activities

Question 12

What were the three main industries that formed the basis of the industrial revolution in Britain?

Answer 12

• Textile industry
• Iron and steel industry
• Coal industry

Question 13

What invention by James Hargreaves in 1764 helped meet the demand for cotton weaving?

Answer 13

The Jenny machine

Question 14

What was the significance of Richard Arkwright’s invention in 1769?

Answer 14

A more efficient, water-powered spinning wheel

Question 15

What machine did Samuel Crompton invent around 1779?

Answer 15

The Mule

Question 16

What did Edmund Cartwright achieve around 1785?

Answer 16

Ran the ‘Mule’ by steam power

Question 17

What was a traditional method used to smelt ore before the industrial revolution?

Answer 17

Using firewood

Question 18

Who discovered the method of smelting ore using coal in 1730?

Answer 18

Abraham Darby

Question 19

What did Henri Bessemer invent in 1856?

Answer 19

A new method to produce steel by removing dirt from iron

Question 20

What was the impact of the new open oven method developed in 1860?

Answer 20

Enabled the production of high-quality steel cheaply and quickly

Question 21

What invention by Thomas Newcomen addressed coal mining challenges in 1735?

Answer 21

A steam engine to pump water from mines

Question 22

What did Humphry Davy invent in 1812 to improve safety in coal mines?

Answer 22

The safety lamp

Question 23

What was the significance of the Macadam Method introduced by John McAdam in 1811?

Answer 23

Improved road construction for heavy vehicles

Question 24

Who invented the locomotive engine in 1814?

Answer 24

George Stephenson

Question 25

What innovation did Alexander Graham Bell create in 1876?

Answer 25

The telephone

Question 26

What was the 'Penny Postal Service' initiated in 1840?

Answer 26

A new postal service allowing letters to be sent cheaply

Question 27

What communication method did Samuel Morse start in 1844?

Answer 27

Telegraph service

Question 28

What agricultural changes occurred during the industrial revolution?

Answer 28

* Beginning of mega farms * Changing of crops * New technology in animal husbandry * New agricultural methods and equipment

Question 29

What major agricultural change occurred during the industrial revolution?

Answer 29

Beginning of mega farms ## Footnote Mega farms were created by combining smaller lands that were uncultivated due to industrialization.

Question 30

Who introduced the line sowing method and what was its impact?

Answer 30

Jethro Tull; it reduced seed usage and increased productivity ## Footnote This method involved using horse-tethered ploughs.

Question 31

What type of manure was produced in Africa for the first time in 1800?

Answer 31

Guano Fertilizers ## Footnote This innovation contributed to increased agricultural productivity.

Question 32

What were the three main factors that facilitated the spread of the industrial revolution to other countries?

Answer 32

* Increase in demand for goods due to population growth * Development of travel and transport in Europe * Discovery of coal in France and Germany

Question 33

Which country became a powerful industrial nation by the beginning of World War I?

Answer 33

Germany ## Footnote Germany's industrial development marked its rise as a powerful country.

Question 34

What political changes occurred as a result of the industrial revolution?

Answer 34

* Emergence of a wealthy investing class * Rise of an underprivileged labor class * Expansion of political beliefs such as socialism and liberalism

Question 35

Define 'laissez-faire' as presented by Adam Smith.

Answer 35

Reducing government involvement in economic matters ## Footnote This concept supported the expansion of capitalism.

Question 36

What was neo-imperialism?

Answer 36

The struggle of European countries to capture new colonies post-1850 ## Footnote This competition for colonies contributed to the causes of World War I.

Question 37

List three economic changes that occurred during the industrial revolution.

Answer 37

* Expansion of industrial products * Development of a working class * Emergence of a capitalist economic system

Question 38

What negative social outcome did the industrial revolution create?

Answer 38

Formation of a classed society ## Footnote Wealth disparity led to a rich class and a poor working class.

Question 39

How did living conditions differ between the rich and the poor during the industrial revolution?

Answer 39

* Rich class enjoyed better living conditions * Poor working class lived in shanties with poor sanitation

Question 40

What were the working conditions like for laborers during the industrial revolution?

Answer 40

Long hours (12-14 hours), poor facilities, and low wages ## Footnote Families often had to work together to survive.

Question 41

What environmental issue arose from the industrial revolution?

Answer 41

Contamination of water sources and air pollution ## Footnote Factories released waste and harmful gases, impacting health.

Question 42

What significant agricultural development occurred in Sri Lanka due to the industrial revolution?

Answer 42

Starting of mega scale cultivations like tea, coconut, and rubber ## Footnote British colonial influence led to these developments.

Question 43

What was the first postal system established in Sri Lanka?

Answer 43

An official postal system connecting major cities by 1815 ## Footnote This system utilized chariots for transportation.

Question 44

Fill in the blank: The introduction of _______ improved the transportation system in Sri Lanka.

Answer 44

railways ## Footnote Railways were essential for transporting estate products to trade centers.

Question 45

What was the consequence of the rapid urbanization during the industrial revolution?

Answer 45

Unbearably populated cities with slow development of basic facilities ## Footnote This imbalance led to poor living conditions despite economic growth.