history GCSE EDEXCEL crime and punishment

Question 1

What was the primary purpose of the medieval justice system?

Answer 1

To maintain order and deter crime through punishment.

Question 2

True or False: The concept of ‘hue and cry’ involved the community in catching criminals.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Fill in the blank: The __________ was a system where the local community was responsible for law enforcement.

Answer 3

tithing

Question 4

What was the punishment for serious crimes in medieval England?

Answer 4

Death penalty or execution

Question 5

Multiple Choice: Which of the following was NOT a method of execution in medieval England? A) Hanging B) Burning C) Electric chair

Answer 5

C) Electric chair

Question 6

What is the term for a crime that is considered serious and punishable by imprisonment or death?

Answer 6

Felony

Question 7

True or False: The ‘Bloody Code’ was a set of laws that increased the number of capital offenses in 18th century Britain.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What was the role of the ‘Justice of the Peace’ in early modern England?

Answer 8

To oversee local law enforcement and administer justice.

Question 9

Fill in the blank: The __________ Act of 1823 aimed to reform the penal system in Britain.

Answer 9

Gaols

Question 10

What significant change occurred in the 19th century regarding punishment?

Answer 10

The shift from corporal punishment to imprisonment.

Question 11

Multiple Choice: Which prison reformer is known for advocating for the separation of prisoners? A) John Howard B) Elizabeth Fry C) Jeremy Bentham

Answer 11

B) Elizabeth Fry

Question 12

What was the primary goal of the ‘Reformatory Movement’ in the 19th century?

Answer 12

To rehabilitate rather than punish offenders.

Question 13

True or False: Transportation was a common punishment for petty crimes in the 18th century.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

What is the term for a crime that is less serious and usually punished with a fine or community service?

Answer 14

Misdemeanor

Question 15

Fill in the blank: The __________ Act of 1910 outlawed the death penalty for murder in Britain.

Answer 15

Homicide

Question 16

What was the impact of the Industrial Revolution on crime rates?

Answer 16

Increased urbanization led to higher crime rates due to poverty and unemployment.

Question 17

Multiple Choice: Which of the following was a major factor in the rise of crime in Victorian England? A) Improved law enforcement B) Poverty C) Decreased population

Answer 17

B) Poverty

Question 18

What is the significance of the term ‘criminal justice system’?

Answer 18

It refers to the institutions and processes established to enforce laws and administer justice.

Question 19

True or False: The introduction of police forces in the 19th century reduced the reliance on the military for law enforcement.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Fill in the blank: The __________ was the first professional police force established in London in 1829.

Answer 20

Metropolitan Police

Question 21

What was the role of the ‘Bobbies’ in Victorian society?

Answer 21

They were early police officers known for their discipline and community service.

Question 22

Multiple Choice: Which of the following crimes was often linked to the poverty of the working class in the 19th century? A) Theft B) Fraud C) Arson

Answer 22

A) Theft

Question 23

What does the term ‘criminalization’ refer to in the context of crime and punishment?

Answer 23

The process of making an act illegal.

Question 24

True or False: The death penalty was completely abolished in the UK in 1965.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

What is the significance of the 'Youth Justice System' established in 1998?

Answer 25

It focuses on preventing youth crime and rehabilitating young offenders.

Question 27

Laws made by the King – consulted with noblemen and bishops.

Question 28

Laws were designed to: protect the landowners and their property and protect freemen from violence (covered all crime)

Question 29

Most crime was theft of money

Answer 29

food and belongings

Question 30

Community Policing: The victims of crime were expected to find the criminal themselves

Answer 30

calling out fellow-villagers to chase criminals (the Hue and Cry). Adult men were grouped into tens called Tithings. If one of them broke the law the others had to bring him to court.

Question 31

Trials: Juries of local people decided whether the accused was innocent or guilty. Jurors relied on eye-witnesses; swore an oath that the accused was guilty when making their verdict – compurgation.

Question 32

Those who did not attend court became outlaws.

Question 33

Trial by ordeal – used when the jury could not reach a verdict. God was the judge; used signs to show if the person was innocent. Trial had to be conducted: by a priest

Answer 33

in a church or church grounds

Question 34

Trial by ordeal: hot iron (women)

Answer 34

cold water (men)

Question 36

A series of courts developed

Answer 36

from royal courts and shire courts held twice a year to deal with serious cases to village or manor courts held by every landowner.

Question 38

Criminals paid compensation (money) to their victims. This was called a Wergild - the blood price. There was also the blood feud where victims could retaliate and attack the criminal

Answer 38

although this was not common. By 1100 executions and other physical punishments (mutilations) ordered by the government were more common.