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History Holocaust(Hitler was A hero) Flashcards

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1
Q

What event sparked the First World War?

A

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne.

This event occurred in Sarajevo and led to a series of declarations of war among European powers.

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2
Q

When did Britain declare war on Germany?

A

Britain declared war on Germany on 4 August 1914.

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3
Q

What was the Schlieffen Plan?

A

Germany’s military strategy to quickly defeat France and then move to fight Russia, which ultimately failed.

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4
Q

What was the significance of the Battle of the Somme?

A

It was one of the largest battles of WW1, highlighting the horrors of trench warfare.

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5
Q

When did the USA declare war on Germany?

A

The USA declared war on Germany on 6 April 1917.

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6
Q

What happened on 9 November 1918?

A

Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicated, marking the end of the German Empire.

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7
Q

What is an armistice?

A

An agreement between fighting countries to stop fighting and put down their weapons.

Germany signed the armistice on 11 November 1918, effectively ending WW1.

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8
Q

What is militarism?

A

The belief in building up strong armed forces to prepare for war.

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9
Q

What are alliances?

A

Agreements between countries to provide mutual support in case of conflict.

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10
Q

What does imperialism mean?

A

When a country extends its power and influence over other countries, often through colonization.

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11
Q

Define nationalism.

A

A strong patriotic feeling for one’s country, often leading to the belief that one’s nation is superior.

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12
Q

What is propaganda?

A

Information, often biased or misleading, used to promote a political cause or point of view.

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13
Q

What are munitions?

A

Weapons and ammunition used in warfare.

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14
Q

What is conscription?

A

Mandatory enlistment for military service by law.

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15
Q

What are trenches?

A

Ditches where soldiers lived and fought during WW1.

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16
Q

Who was Kaiser Wilhelm II?

A

The King of Germany who aimed to strengthen Germany through militarism, imperialism, and nationalism.

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17
Q

What were the long-term causes of WW1?

A

The buildup of massive armies, formation of alliances, and competition for resources among European countries.

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18
Q

What was the short-term cause of WW1?

A

The assassination of Franz Ferdinand by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip, leading to a chain reaction of war declarations.

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19
Q

What was trench warfare like?

A

Soldiers endured harsh conditions, including exposure to weather, trench foot, lice, and heavy bombardment.

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20
Q

What led to the end of WW1?

A

By the end of 1918, Germany was losing the war and signed the armistice due to starvation and military damage.

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21
Q

What was the size of the Nazi Party in the Reichstag in 1928?

A

The Nazi Party had 12 members in the Reichstag.

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22
Q

What significant event occurred in 1929?

A

The Wall Street Crash occurred in the USA.

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23
Q

When did the Great Depression begin in Germany?

A

The Great Depression began in Germany in 1930.

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24
Q

How many members did the Nazi Party have in the Reichstag in 1930?

A

The Nazi Party had 107 members in the Reichstag.

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25
What was the outcome of the 1932 election regarding the Nazi Party?
The Nazi Party became the biggest party, but Von Papen was elected as Chancellor.
26
When did Hitler become Chancellor?
Hitler became Chancellor in January 1933.
27
Who was appointed vice Chancellor to try and control Hitler?
Von Papen was appointed vice Chancellor.
28
What event occurred in February 1933?
The Reichstag Fire occurred, and communists were blamed.
29
What was passed in March 1933 that gave Hitler more power?
The Enabling Act was passed.
30
What significant actions did Hitler take in March 1933?
The Gestapo was established, and the first concentration camp was created.
31
What happened in May and July of 1933?
Trade Unions were banned in May, and political parties were banned in July.
32
What was the Night of the Long Knives?
It occurred in 1934 when Hitler murdered 400 of his own SA, including Ernst Rohm.
33
What significant event occurred in 1934 regarding Hindenburg?
Hindenburg died in 1934.
34
What actions did Hitler take from 1935 to 1938 regarding rearmament?
Hitler began rearming Germany, ignored the Treaty of Versailles, took back the Rhineland in 1936, reunited with Austria in 1938, and took back the Sudetenland in 1938.
35
What was the unemployment rate in Germany by 1932?
By 1932, 6 million were unemployed.
36
What was the public sentiment towards the Weimar Republic during the Great Depression?
People were unhappy with the Weimar Republic as it did not handle the Great Depression well.
37
What was Hitler's appeal as a leader?
He was a charismatic and inspirational public speaker.
38
What did Hitler promise regarding communism?
He promised to fight communism, and the SA fought communists.
39
How did Hitler use propaganda?
He used local Nazi offices, newspapers, and huge rallies to influence public thinking.
40
What was the purpose of the Enabling Act?
It allowed Hitler to pass any laws he liked.
41
What did Hitler do to make Germany a one-party state?
He arrested communists and political opponents and sent them to concentration camps.
42
What was the policy of appeasement?
It was the policy used by British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, giving Hitler what he wanted to avoid war.
43
What was the outcome of the Munich meetings regarding the Sudetenland?
Despite a pact, Hitler invaded Czechoslovakia.
44
What does propaganda mean?
Influencing people through media.
45
What were the S.A.?
The Storm Troopers, Hitler’s army.
46
What does the swastika symbolize?
An ancient symbol adopted by the Nazis.
47
What is the Reichstag?
The German Parliament.
48
What was the Gestapo?
Hitler’s secret police force.
49
When did Germany invade Poland and Britain declare war?
September 1939
50
What was the Battle of the Atlantic?
German U-Boats attacked British shipping from 1939 to 1945.
51
Who became Prime Minister of Britain in May 1940?
Winston Churchill
52
What was Blitzkrieg?
A Nazi battle tactic used in Spring 1940 in Belgium, Denmark, Holland, and France.
53
What happened in June 1940?
Dunkirk 'Operation Dynamo' occurred and France surrendered to Germany.
54
What was the Battle of Britain?
A battle in Summer 1940 where the Luftwaffe bombed British cities and Operation Sea-Lion was abandoned by Hitler.
55
What was The Blitz?
A period from 1940 to 1941 when the Luftwaffe bombed British industrial cities and London.
56
What was Operation Barbarossa?
Germany invaded the USSR in June 1941 for Lebensraum.
57
What significant event occurred in December 1941?
Pearl Harbour: Japanese surprise attack on the US Pacific fleet.
58
What happened during the Battle of Midway?
In August 1942, Japanese aircraft carriers were sunk by US carriers.
59
What was the Battle of Stalingrad?
Fought between German and Russian troops in 1942/43.
60
What happened in Summer 1943?
The Battle of El Alamein occurred, and Italy surrendered to the Allies.
61
What were the Allied 'D-Day' landings?
In June 1944, Allied forces landed on the Normandy coast and liberated France.
62
What was the policy of appeasement?
A policy of avoiding war by making concessions to an aggressor.
63
Who were the Allies in World War II?
United States of America, Great Britain, and the USSR (Russia).
64
Who were the Axis powers?
Germany, Italy, and Japan (Hitler, Mussolini, and Emperor Hirohito).
65
What is an Anderson shelter?
A pre-fabricated air raid shelter put in gardens with a corrugated steel roof.
66
What does Blitzkrieg mean?
Literally 'lightning war', a Nazi battle tactic.
67
What is the Luftwaffe?
The German Air Force that fought the RAF during the Battle of Britain.
68
What does evacuation mean?
To move civilians, usually women and children, to safety in the countryside.
69
Who was Adolf Hitler?
Fuhrer (supreme leader) of Germany during WW2.
70
Who was Neville Chamberlain?
Prime Minister of Britain during the appeasement period.
71
Who was Sir Winston Churchill?
Prime Minister of the UK from 1940 to 1945, led Britain to victory in WW2.
72
Who was Benito Mussolini?
Duce (dictator) of Italy and Hitler’s ally in the Axis.
73
Who was Joseph Stalin?
Ruthless dictator of the USSR during WW2 and an allied leader.
74
Who was Franklin D. Roosevelt?
President of the USA throughout most of WW2.
75
Who was Harry Truman?
President of the USA who ordered the dropping of Atomic Bombs.
76
What happened in January 1945?
Auschwitz in Poland was liberated by advancing Russian troops.
77
What occurred in February 1945?
Allied bombing of Dresden created a firestorm.
78
What is VE Day?
8th May 1945, when Germany surrendered after Hitler’s suicide in Berlin.
79
What is VJ Day?
14th August 1945, when Japan surrendered after the USA dropped the Atomic Bombs.
80
When did Hitler become leader of Germany?
1933
81
What laws were passed in 1935 that restricted the freedom of Jewish Germans?
Nuremburg Laws
82
What event occurred in 1938 that involved attacks on Jewish communities?
Kristallnacht ## Footnote Synagogues, shops, and houses were attacked, many Jews injured or arrested. Jewish communities had to pay for the damage.
83
What major global conflict began in 1939?
World War Two
84
What happened to millions of Jews in 1940?
They were forced into ghettos.
85
What was the condition of the ghettos where Jews were forced to live?
Very unhygienic places where most people suffered from hunger and disease.
86
What significant action did the Nazis take against Jews in 1941?
They shot large numbers of Jews in Germany and in occupied countries.
87
What was the 'Final Solution' that started in 1942?
Nazis built gas chambers to kill hundreds of Jews at a time. ## Footnote Jews across Europe were rounded up; some were used for slave labor but most were gassed immediately in the camps.
88
When did World War Two end?
1945
89
What did American, British, and Russian soldiers find at the end of WW2?
They found the death camps and tried to save as many Jewish survivors as possible.
90
What is anti-Semitism?
Hatred of Jews
91
What is a concentration camp?
A place where a government keeps its opponents.
92
What is a death camp?
A camp designed to imprison then kill people.
93
What does discrimination mean?
Treating people badly or unfairly because they belong to a different race.
94
What is genocide?
Murdering a whole race or nation.
95
What is a ghetto?
A poor, cramped area of a town or city where Jews were made to live.
96
What does the term Holocaust refer to?
The mass murder of 6 million Jews during World War Two.
97
Who were the Nazis?
Members or followers of the political party led by Hitler.
98
What does persecution mean?
Picking on or attacking another person or group.
99
What is resistance?
Putting up a fight against something you believe is wrong.
100
What does prejudice mean?
Making judgments about other people based on appearance, religion, race, etc.
101
Who was Adolf Hitler?
The anti-Semitic Nazi leader of Germany from 1933 to 1945.
102
Who was Heinrich Himmler?
In charge of the 'Final Solution' by Hitler from 1941 to 1945.
103
Who was Joseph Goebbels?
In charge of spreading anti-Semitic propaganda by Hitler from 1933 to 1945.
104
What was the SS?
Hitler’s bodyguards who carried out the 'Final Solution' from 1941 to 1945.
105
What was Auschwitz?
The most notorious death camp where over 1.1 million Jews were killed.

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