History MidYear

Question 1

What is a immigrant?

Answer 1

Someone who moves or settles in another country

Question 2

What is a refugee?

Answer 2

Someone who has fled from danger in their homeland (for example war)

Question 3

What is an Asylum Seeker?

Answer 3

A person who has left their home country as a refugee and wants to stay in another country

Question 4

Name Britains earliest immigrants in order

Answer 4

Romans - 43CE
Vikings - 865CE
Normans - 1066CE
French Huguenots - 1572
Irish Immigrants - 1840
Carribean migrants - 1948

Question 5

What is provenance?

Answer 5

Its a term to describe the origin or background of a source

Question 6

What was the Empire Windrush?

Answer 6

It was a ship that came to britain in 1948 carrying 492 immigrants from the west indies

Question 7

What were ghettos?

Answer 7

Areas which jews were sent to so that they could be separated from the aryan race

Question 8

Who are lascars?

Answer 8

South asian sailors who travelled to England from India, most lascars settled near the London docks, took on other jobs and set up businesses.

Question 9

Who are ayas?

Answer 9

Women who came from India to work as nannys and servants for wealthy families in Britain

Question 10

What are the reasons why thousands of south asians settled in Britain after WW2?

Answer 10

-There was violence in parts of South Asia
-There were natural disasters which affected peoples homes
-Many South Asians had british passports

Question 11

What was the main reason why people came to Britain?

Answer 11

Britain promised the South Asians jobs and work, some were qualified but others weren’t so they took jobs in Britains key industries.

Question 12

When was the British Nationality Act made?

Answer 12

July 1948 - the act clarifys the right of people living in countries throughout the British empire to live permanently and work in Britain

Question 13

What the was the empire windrush?

Answer 13

The empire windrush was a boat which came from the carribean to britain in 1948 carrying black people looking for a better life and job which they were promised if they came and worked in Britain.

Question 14

Define ‘Eastern Europe’.

Answer 14

Eastern part of the continent of Europe.
It includes countries such as:
Poland, Bulgaria, Czech Replublic, Hungary, Romania, Russia and Croatia.

Question 15

List reasons why many Eastern Europeans migrated to Britain in the years up to and during the Second World War.

Answer 15

In the 1700s, Polish Protestants came here to run away from religious persecution.

In the 1800s, jewish migrants came here to escape poverty and pogroms (organised killing of an ethnic group).

Kindertransport - children were rescued from places controlled by the Nazis (Germany, Austria, Poland, Czech Republic) and brought here.

Many adults also fled those countries and came here to serve in the army.

Question 16

What is the Polish Resettlement Act?

Answer 16

Many Polish soldiers and pilots, as well as Polish Navy helped fight the Nazis.

In recognition for their help, the government made a law in 1947 (Polish Resettlemnt Act).

This Act stated that Poles who served under British command during the war (and their families) would be supported in Britain.

After that, over 100,000 Poles settled in Britain.

Question 17

What was the European Voluntary workers scheme? (after the war)

Answer 17

Workers from Eastern Europe and the Caribbean were invited to work in Britain after the war.

Work they did:
- rebuilt large areas in cities destroyed by the war
- worked in factories, mines, hospitals and transport

Question 18

After the war, the migrants who came to work in Britain were housed in resettlement camps.
What were the conditions in these camps?

Answer 18

These camps were often in army bases.

They had simple, basic and poorly heated huts. And the schooling was bad.

They had poor natural light and ventilation, and were occupied by more than one family.

But they became a symbol of stability for the first generation, and for the second, it tepresented a happy place full of freedom.

The migrants made the best of their situation and built churches, schools and leisure facilities.

Question 19

In 2004 and 2006 about 10 Eastern European countries joined the European Union (EU).
What was the impact of these migration on the UK.

Answer 19

Many immigrants filled job shortages in farms, building and healthcare. Others did highly skilled jobs (i.e. dentists, vets, etc)

Good for the economy as:
Many started new businesses here and hence paid taxes to the British government.

Also by renting houses and buying goods.

Negative impact:
In some places, the number of people arriving put local services under pressure (housing, schools were not enough).

Question 20

Why in 2009, did more Eastern Europeans leave Britain than arrive?

Answer 20

The economy in Britain wasn’t doing so well and there were fewer jobs available.

The economy in some Eastern European countries improved. For example, in Poland there were more jobs in construction, technology and financial services.

Question 21

Define ‘Brexit’.

Answer 21

In 2016 there was a national vote in the Uk called ‘referendum’ to decide if Britain should leave the EU (European Union).

52% voted to leave (many of these voted to leave to control migration).

Since then, people from the EU can no longer move freely to the UK.

Question 22

What was the short impact Brexit had on Eastern European migration?

Answer 22

Steep decline in Eastern European migration to Britain.
Reasons:
- less jobs
- migrants feel less welcome
- some businesses are struggling to find workers

Question 23

What did invaders and settlers bring to Britain?

Answer 23

Celts - they brought the iron plow which helped revolutionise the agriculture.

Romans - built roads and towns still important today; first in Britain to use calendars, coins and bricks; introduced wine, cats, grapes, peas and carrots.
Anglo-Saxons - influenced the English language; were excellent farmers; gave England its name (Angle-land); created and named many towns; counties are named after them.

Normans - built fine castles, churches and cathedrals; introduced many laws and other customs stillused today. Influenced the language, broughtanimals.

Vikings - trade goods, new words, animals

Question 24

What are the origins of Anti Semitism? (Hostility against jews)

Answer 24

It started 2000 years ago.
When Christianity became the oficial religion during the Roman Empire, Judaism became a rival religion. (Some Christians even claimed that Jews killed Jesus)

Jews were blamed for crisis such as plagues.

The laws in some countries discriminated the Jews: they could not do some jobs, lived separately in ghettos, and had to wear clothes/ hats to show they were Jewish.

They were forced to leave their country and had to find other places ro settle.

Question 25

What was the Holocaust?

Answer 25

The massive killing of millions of innocent people just because they were Jewish.

Question 26

What is genocide?

Answer 26

An act committed with the intention to destroy in whole or part of a religious or racial group.

Question 27

Hitler and the Nazis came to power in Germany in 1933. What happens between 1933 and 1939?

Answer 27

Between those dates, the Jews in Germany faced terrible discrimination and prejudice and some were killed. However, it was during the WW2 that the mass killing occurred.

Question 28

How did the Nazis see the Jews?

Answer 28

The Nazis saw the Jews as inferior but very powerful group who threatened the 'Aryan race'. They also made false claims about the number of Jewish people in Germany and their influence.

Question 29

What did the Nazis do in the 1930s to exclude the jews from the German society?

Answer 29

They excluded the Jews from areas of German society by: - passing hundreds of anti-Jewish laws

Question 30

What were some of the anti-Jewish laws the Nazis passed in the 1930s?

Answer 30

Jewish people: - could not work for the government - were not allowed to be members of sports clubs - born in other countries could no longer be German citizens -could not be editors of newspapers -were expelled from the army - not allowed to be vets - who were teachers were banned from school -children banned from schools - not allowed to own businesses -not allowed in cinemas and theatres -had their driving licenses removed -had to hand in old passports -had to hand over valuables such as gold, silver, etc without compensation

Question 31

On the 15th September 1935, the Nuremberg Laws were passed. What were these?

Answer 31

Nuremberg laws: German Jews are no longer German citizens. Also, they were not allowed to marry or have sex with non-Jews.

Question 32

What was the impact of the Anti-jewish laws on their lives?

Answer 32

It affected them economically as they were less able to earn money and make a living. They had less freedom. They were treated and made to feel like they were different (prejudice). There was propaganda against them and some people became hostile towards them.

Question 33

What was the Anti-Jewish propaganda?

Answer 33

Posters, newspapers, road signs, radio broadcasts and public speeches to spread messages of hate against Jews.

Question 34

What were the early concentration camps?

Answer 34

A place to keep mainly communists because the Nazis saw them as a threat. The camps were not hidden because the Nazis wanted to spread fear and terror, so no one would challenge their ideas and actions.

Question 35

What were the EARLY concentration camps like? (between 1933-45)

Answer 35

Murder was rare and most people were allowed to leave after a period of time. But the living conditions were harsh. There were beatings, torture, humiliation and forced labour.

Question 36

What happened on the 12th March 1938?

Answer 36

The Anschluss. The German army entered Austria and asked if they wanted to be part of Germany. Many agreed and immediately Jewish people living there were targeted, and anti-Jewish laws were also introduced.

Question 37

Kristallnacht or the 'night of crystal' happened on the 9 November 1938 across Greater Germany. What was it?

Answer 37

A wave of brutal violence against Jewish people, their home, sinagogues and businesses which lasted through the night and next day. 100 jews died and 30,000 jewish men were put in concentration camps where they were assaulted and tortured.

Question 38

What were the ghettos?

Answer 38

The Nazis had the false belief that the Jews spread diseases and should be separated from others. The Nazis believed the high number of Polish jews was a 'big problem' and a threat totheir security, so they wanted to control them. So the Nazis ordered the Jews to certain areas of cities in Poland which became Ghettos. Ghettos were sealed from the rest of the world and the jews there could not leave nor contact people outside. Later, the Nazis created more ghettos in other countries they invaded in the east of Europe.

Question 39

Why were the ghettos a temporary solution?

Answer 39

The Nazis wanted to remove the Jews from Europe but were not sure how. Moving them to Madagascar was one of the options they were considering.

Question 40

What were the conditions in the ghettos?

Answer 40

Overcrowded - 7 to 9 people shared each room People starving Large number of deaths Jewish councils 'run' the ghetto and carry out Nazi orders. They distributed food, medicines and other supplies.

Question 41

What was Chelmno and what do you know about it?

Answer 41

The first death camp in history. No one was meant to survive. They were killed in gas chambers.

Question 42

What was the process of deportation?

Answer 42

In order to murder as many european jews as possible, people living in ghettos were being sent to death camps. So jews were rounded up to be transported on trains, trucks and boats. The journeys were very long and the conditions were appaling. Many died during the journey.

Question 43

What is führer?

Answer 43

"leader" or "guide" In german

Question 44

What is Lebensraum?

Answer 44

Living space in german

Question 45

What is Volksgemeinschaft?

Answer 45

German expression meaning "racial community"