History of Augustus and the Roman Empire

Question 1

Chief Magistrates

Answer 1

2 consuls elected annually

Question 2

Senate

Answer 2

advisory body made up of roman aristocrats

Question 3

Popular assemblies

Answer 3

voted on laws

Question 4

Praetors

Answer 4

2nd most important magistrate; could hold military command and govern province

Question 5

Consuls

Answer 5

chief executive magistrate; governed provinces

Question 6

Struggle of Orders

Answer 6

plebians(lower class) revolt against patricians in effort to equal political rights & obtained plebeian assembly and the right to become members of the senate, get military commands and enter state priesthoods

Question 7

Optimates vs Populares

Answer 7

optimates sought support from the senatorial elite while populares sought support among the people

Question 8

nobiles

Answer 8

men from senatorial families

Question 9

novi homines

Answer 9

“new men”- first in their family to become consul

Question 10

Sulla

Answer 10

represented optimates; became dictator 82-79 BC; cruel proscriptions

Question 11

Members of the 1st Triumverate

Answer 11

Julius Caesar, Pompey & Crassus

Question 12

first triumvirate

Answer 12

secret alliance to thwart the senate; was formed in 60 BC

Question 13

1st Triumvirate falls apart

Answer 13

Crassus dies in Parthia 53BC–> major military defeat lost 3 legions & Julia dies: wife of Pompey & daughter of Caesar

Question 14

Pompey vs Caesar

Answer 14

Pompey flees to the Greece & is defeated by Caesar in the Battle of Pharsalus in 48 BC & goes to egypt where he is killed

Question 15

Julius Caesar

Answer 15

crosses Rubicon in 49 BC; voted dictator for life in 44 BC & killed in senatorial conspiracy led by Brutus and Cassius in 44 BC-known as the Ides of March

Question 16

Aftermath of Assasination

Answer 16

Caesar will is read and he names Octavian as his principal heir and adopted son

Question 17

Second Triumvirate

Answer 17

form offical alliance in 43 BC for the purpose of bringing order to the Republic; their 5 year term eventually gets extended

Question 18

Proscription

Answer 18

brought back to get rid of enemies and to get more land; overall 300 senators and 2000 knights were killed

Question 19

Treaty of Brundism

Answer 19

reconfirms triumvirate for its 5 yr term through 38 BC & redivded world; octavian:west, anthony:east, & lepidus: africa

Question 20

Treaty of Tarentum

Answer 20

37 BC; octavian is to provide anthony w/ 20K legionaries for his war in Parthia & anthony provides 120 ships for octavian’s war against sextus pompeius

Question 21

Battle of Naulochus

Answer 21

36 BC; Octavian & Agrippa defeat sextus pompeius in naval battle at naulochus

Question 22

Lepidus stripped of triumvirate role

Answer 22

tries to claim Sicily for himself; is allowed to remain pontifex maximus

Question 23

Anthony & Parthia

Answer 23

suffered in Parthia 36 BC B/C of betrayal by King Adria an ally of Anthony; accepted help from Cleopatra & legally recognized her children as his while still married to Octavia

Question 24

31BC Outbreak of War

Answer 24

war is declared on Cleopatra not Anthony-making it a foreign war not a civil war; Octavian ships blockade anthony’s ships inside gulf of Ambracia for 16 weeks

Question 25

Battle of Actium

Answer 25

Sept 2, 31BC; Cleopatra leaves with Anthony following behind her & rest of the ships sink or surrender

Question 26

Death of Cleopatra

Answer 26

supposedly killed by venomous snake bite; buried next to Anthony

Question 27

Octavian's actions in Egypt after Cleopatra's Death

Answer 27

kills Caesarion & Antyllus; anthony other children by cleopatra allowed to live & march in triumph, later raised by Octavia

Question 28

Octavian Celebrates Actium

Answer 28

triple triumph in 29 BC; Illyricum, Actium & Alexandria; closed the doors of the Temple of Janus in 29 BC

Question 29

Restoration of the Republic

Answer 29

returned the republic to the senate and people 28-27 BC

Question 30

First Settlement of the Principate

Answer 30

27 BC; octavian would hold consulship continually; proconsul of Gaul, Spain & Syria for 10 yrs

Question 31

Public Honors for Octavian

Answer 31

wreaths attached to his foor; named Augustus in 27 BC-also calle princeps; official name: Imperator Caesar Augustus

Question 32

Augustus health scare

Answer 32

seriously ill in 23 BC leaves signet ring to Agrippa & gave list of troops to co-consul Piso

Question 33

Second Settlement of the Principate

Answer 33

23 BC; Augustus resigns consulship; given a greater status

Question 34

Social Legislation

Answer 34

law concerning corruption, sumptuary laws: limited expenditure on meals, clothes; laws punishing adultery, laws designed to encourage marriage & children

Question 35

Secular games

Answer 35

17BC; also honored great roman soldier, ex. pompey

Question 36

Reforms to the army

Answer 36

reduced # of legions to 26; state treasures went to paying army

Question 37

Varus

Answer 37

lost 3 legions in AD9 to a tribal rebellion & commits suicide

Question 38

Difficulties w/ succesion

Answer 38

potential succesors kepts dying

Question 39

Agrippa, Gaius, and Lucius

Answer 39

2 AD Lucius dies in France; 4 AD Gaius dies in Lycia; Agrippa dies in 12 BC

Question 40

Tiberius

Answer 40

forced to divorce wife Vipsania and marry Julia; 6 BC mysteriously disappears to island of Rhodes; is adopted by Augustus in 4 AD but Tiberius adopts Germanicus