history of cog psych

Question 1

socrates

Answer 1

1) it is essential to question life
2) what we learn is determined by the questions we ask
3) human mind takes an active role in perception (does not passively respond)

Question 2

plato

Answer 2

1) sensations vs. internal representations
2) different forms of information may be represented in the mind

Question 3

socrates AND plato

Answer 3

human senses are imperfect and reality can only be known through the application of logic and reason

Question 4

aristotle

Answer 4

1) empirical approach
2) memory results from associations that are formed and stored in the mind

Question 5

core issues of cog psych

Answer 5

1) how do people acquire knowledge?
2) how to we maintain that knowledge over time (memory)?

Question 6

british empiricism

Answer 6

experience > innate factors
1) what types of associations can be stored in the mind?
2) how are these associations organized?
3) how are they related to each other?

Question 7

concept of association

Answer 7

linking together two events, objects, or ideas that occur together in experience

Question 8

hermann von helmholtz

Answer 8

measured speed of neural impulses

Question 9

paul broca

Answer 9

disruption in language results from damage to the frontal region of the brain

Question 10

1897, germany

Answer 10

wilhelm wundt establishes first psych lab

Question 11

structuralism

Answer 11

psychology should specify the nature of conscious experience through the use of introspection
1) what are the components of consciousness?
2) how are these elemental parts connected?
3) what are the laws governing the ways in which these parts are connected?

Question 12

what separates philosophers from structuralists?

Answer 12

research method!
- structuralists believed in analytic introspection, where observers reported the contents of their conscious experiences as they perceived something
- EX. GESTALT EXAMPLE

Question 13

gestalt example

Answer 13

optical illusion supporting introspection & structuralism
- importance of whole patterns in perception rather than reduction
- mind cannot be viewed as a collection of individual elements –> the whole is different from the sum of the parts
–> emergent properties

Question 14

switch from structuralism to behaviorism

Answer 14

1) too mentalistic
2) psychology should focus on observable events/behaviors rather than on the non-observable

Question 15

behaviorism

Answer 15

1) learning is associations between stimuli & responses
2) highly associationistic

Question 16

john watson —> fundamental assumptions of behaviorism

Answer 16

psychology should focus on behaviors/observations that are…
1) objective
2) open to public scrutiny
3) replicatable

Question 17

behaviorist rejections

Answer 17

consciousness, imagery, attention

Question 18

tolman - associationist

Answer 18

• rats navigating a maze to find food
• A’ist because the rats learn a series of responses that are reinforced by food reward

Question 19

tolman - cognitive map

Answer 19

rats example: internal representation of the maze

Question 20

emergence of cog psych

Answer 20

1) psychologists began to object B’ist emphasis on the observable
2) embracing of concepts that can’t be directly observed
3) applied work from britain during WWII –> cracking enemy codes, understanding night vision, etc.

Question 21

cherry - limited capacity

Answer 21

• capacity of people to obtain info from noisy channels
• limited capacity for intake & storage of info

Question 22

chomsky - symposium of information theory

Answer 22

• 3 models of language
• skinner –> language acquisition through reinforcement principles
• chomsky –> impossible to tell what those principles are
• mind = system of independent modules w/ specific rules of operation & development

Question 23

miller - capacity

Answer 23

STM is limited to 7 entries