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Bio 8 Unit 4 > History Of DNA Discovery > Flashcards

History Of DNA Discovery Flashcards

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1
Q

He was the first one to discover the DNA

A

Friedrich Miescher

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2
Q

It is a molecule that is slightly acidic, with a high percentage of phosphorus.

A

Nuclein

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3
Q

He isolated DNA as a slimy substance from the nuclei of pus cells

A

Friedrich Miescher

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4
Q

The building blocks of nucleic acid

A

Nucleotide

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5
Q

It has high phosphorus content and proteolysis

A

Nucleic acid

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6
Q

known for histetranucleotide hypothesis which proposed that DNA was made up of equal amounts of adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine

A

Phoebus Levene

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7
Q

He discovered the three major components of single nucleotide

A

Phoebus Levene

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8
Q

What are the three major components of nucleotide

A

sugar molecule (either ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA)
phosphate group
nitrogen-containing base

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9
Q

laid the foundation for determining base pairing in DNA by observing the amount of the fournitrogenous basesfound in different samples of DNA

A

Erwin Chargaff

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10
Q

She was the first to discover the structure of DNA

A

Rosalind Franklin

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11
Q

The discovered that the DNA is double stranded in April 1953

A

James Watson and Francis Crick

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12
Q

In 1963 Watson and Crick was awarded with

A

Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine

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13
Q

Who are the first scientists to formulate an accurate description of DNA’s double helical structure

A

Watson and Crick

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14
Q

A process in which a chemical substance from dead cells can transform living cells

A

Transformation

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15
Q

He’s the one who conducted the experiment on bacterial transformation

A

Frederick Griffith

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16
Q

They showed that DNA is a substance that transforms bacteria

A

Avery, MacLeod and McCarty

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17
Q

They provided evidence that DNA is the genetic material of T2 ohage

A

Hershey and Chase

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18
Q

In 1868, he started the saga of DNA when he isolated Nuclein

A

Friedrich Miescher

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19
Q

1910, he was known for Tetra nucleotide hypothesis

A

Phoebus Levene

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20
Q

1928, transforming principle

A

Griffith

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21
Q

1953, structure of DNA

A

Watson and Crick

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22
Q

He was from King’s College, London. A nuclear physicist.

A

Maurice Wilkins

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23
Q

He was a grad student under Wilkins who produced an x-ray

A

Raymond Gosling

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24
Q

If DNA was the gene material then the

A

gene could be crystallize

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25
This sparks Watson's interest in DNA
Photograph of DNA - crystalline structure
26
English physical chemist and x-ray crystallographer expert
Rosalind Franklin
27
Franklin previously worked on x-ray diffraction pattern in
Coal and carbon
28
What are the 2 forms of DNA Franklin discovered
A form - dehydrated B form - hydrated
29
Franklin opposed what
Model building of DNA
30
He solved the basic mathematics of helical diffraction theory
Alec Stokes
31
In March 1952, he photographed the PHOTOGRAPH 51 and gave it to Franklin
Raymond Gosling
32
American chemist, biochemist, peace activist
Linus Pauling
33
Contributions to science include discovery of alpha helix and beta sheet structure of proteins, quantum chemistry resonance work and the discovery of sickle cell anemia as a molecular disease
Linus Pauling
34
Early 1953, he announced that he discovered the DNA structure
Linus Pauling
35
Describe Pauling structure of DNA
3 helix structure
36
Australian chemist who pioneered paper chromatography of nucleic acids
Erwin Chargaff
37
The sugar found in DNA
Deoxyribose
38
A information molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of organisms
DNA
39
The shorter segments of DNA
Genes
40
It stores direction for making proteins
DNA
41
What are the structure of DNA
Universal storage molecule of all organisms Polymers DNA monomers are called nucleotides
42
4 biological functions of DNA
 DNA polymers direct the production of other polymers called proteins.  A chromosome consists of smaller segments called genes.  Each gene is further divided into three nucleotide subsegments called codons  codon from the original DNA gene is matched with its corresponding amino acid
43
Theory that stating that genetic information flows only in one direction
The central dogma
44
Create new copies of DNA
Replication
45
Creates a RNA using DNA information
Transcription
46
Creates protein using mRNA information
Translation
47
3 products of DNA replication
Conservative Semiconservative Dispersive
48
Mechanism for Double strand Break
Homologous recombination Non-homologous end joining
49
Base mismatches and mismatch repairs
Base Excision Repair Nucleotide Excision Repair
50
3 Stages of Transcription
Initiation Elongation Termination
51
It synthesis RNA segments
RNA polymerase
52
The specific location in which DNA replication starts
Origin of replication
53
It synthesizes DNA segments by adding nucleotide to the RNA primer
DNA polymerase III
54
An enzyme responsible for synthesizes of RNA primer at 5' of leading strand
Primase
55
The one who removes the RNA nucleotides and replaces them with DNA nucleotides. Correct the primer made by primase
DNA polymerase l
56
responsible for joining Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand during replication.
Ligase
57
Provides a starting point for DNA synthesis
Primase
58
It's a starting point in RNA transcription
Promoter region
59
What happens to the Elongation stage in transcription
the RNA polymerase synthesizes a complementary RNA strand using one of the DNA strands as a template.
60
A region in which indicates stop to RNA polymerase
Termination region
61
It is added to the both ends of a strand of RNA
5' cap, 3' poly A tail
62
Removal of introns
Intron splicing
63
The one who removes introns in pre-mRNA to create a mature mRNA
Spliceosome
64
3 DNA based technologies
Genetic expression Genetic engineering Molecular/ DNA marker

Bio 8 Unit 4 (1 decks)

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