History of Family Therapy

Question 1

schism

Answer 1

division of the family into 2 antagonistic & competing groups

Question 2

skew

Answer 2

1 partner in marriage so dominates as to create a personality disorder

Question 3

National Mental Health Act of 1946

Answer 3

following WWII, Congress passed bill to provide funds for research, demonstration, training, and assistance for use in methods of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of mental health disorders

Question 4

Nathan Ackerman

Answer 4

systems approach, The Psychodynamics of Family Life

Question 5

Gregory Bateson

Answer 5

studied schizophrenia, communication w/in the family system, theory of double-bind, 2 seemingly contradictory messages may exist on different levels and lead to confusion

Question 6

double-bind

Answer 6

2 seemingly contradictory messages may exist on different levels and lead to confusion

Question 7

Don Jackson

Answer 7

established Mental Research Institute (MRI) leading family therapy toward a systems approach, brief therapy established w/ Erickson

Question 8

Milton Erickson

Answer 8

brief therapy

Question 9

Carl Whitaker

Answer 9

included spouses & children in therapy, dual therapy (conjoint couple therapy)

Question 10

Murray Bowen

Answer 10

held family therapy sessions for people w/ schizophrenia

Question 11

Boszormenyi-Nagi

Answer 11

contextual therapy (healing relationships through trust and commitment, done primarily by developing loyalty, fairness, and reciprocity)

Question 12

Jay Haley

Answer 12

elaborated on Erickson’s work to create version of strategic family therapy, gave permission to withhold info, used directives, edited Family Process journal

Question 13

Salvador Minuchin

Answer 13

structural family therapy used w/ urban slum families, Families of the Slums, trained paraprofessionals to use his theory in counseling others of similar background, Families and Family Therapy written as practical guide for conducting structural family therapy

Question 14

Virginia Satir

Answer 14

props, empathy and touch and nurture, importance of self-esteem, compassion, and congruent expression of feelings, Conjoint Family Therapy

Question 15

Nathan Ackerman

Answer 15

cofounded Family Process journal devoted to family therapy, Treating the Troubled Family

Question 16

John Bell

Answer 16

started using group therapy as basis for family therapy, conceptualized family members as strangers who get to know one another in stages, all members 9 and older should be included in all sessions

Question 17

Murray Bowen

Answer 17

emotional reactivity, undifferentiated family ego mass

Question 18

emotional reactivity

Answer 18

absorbed in a world of feelings so that maintaining identities & actions become difficult

Question 19

undifferentiated family ego mass

Answer 19

fused and confused family members can be helped by a counselor being cognitive and detached so that they could establish appropriate language boundaries and avoid projecting or triangulating onto a third person

Question 20

systems theory

Answer 20

A family is like a system in that all parts are related; when 1 part is affected, all are affected. It is greater than the sum of its parts and is only as strong as its weakest part.

Question 21

linear causality

Answer 21

direct cause and effect

Question 22

circular causality

Answer 22

events are related through a series of repeating cycles

Question 23

family sculpting

Answer 23

arranging family members as a sculpture in the way they act or respond to a significant event

Question 24

AFTA

Answer 24

American Family Therapy Academy, “think tank” to address issues in family systems therapy

Question 25

circular questioning

Answer 25

asking questions that highlight differences among family members

Question 26

triadic questioning

Answer 26

asking a 3rd family member how 2 other members relate

Question 27

mystification

Answer 27

how some families mask what is going on between family members by giving conflicting and contradictory explanations of events

Question 28

feminist family therapy

Answer 28

questioning how gender hierarchy impacts the family as a system

Question 29

Rachel Hare-Mustin

Answer 29

"A Feminist Approach to Family Therapy" published in "Family Process" accused family therapy of being discriminatory against women b/c of the unequal power structure and gender roles w/in status quo families

Question 30

multisystemic therapy

Answer 30

(MST) intensive family- and community- based treatment for working with serious antisocial behaviors of children and adolescents, derived from pragmatic family therapies, behavioral parent training, and CBT

Question 31

Women's Project in Family Therapy

Answer 31

emphasized absence of gender in formation of systems theory

Question 32

Division of Family Psychology 43

Answer 32

created within APA so that family practitioners could maintain identity as psychologists

Question 33

International Association of Marriage and Family Counselors

Answer 33

(IAMFC) enhance marriage and family through educational programs, research, conferences, interprofessional contacts, and removal of barriers, promote ethical practices, set high-quality training standards

Question 34

reflecting team approach

Answer 34

Anderson, democratic and collaborative model of working w/ couples and families in which clinical observers of a session come out from behind a one-way-mirror observing room to discuss impressions w/ therapist and clients

Question 35

therapeutic conversations model

Answer 35

Anderson & Goolishian, postmodern approach in which the family therapist relates to couple/family in egalitarian relationship

Question 36

psychoeducational model

Answer 36

Anderson, for working w/ families w/ schizophrenic member, teaches families about multiple aspects of mental illness in a day-long “Survival Skills Workshop” focusing on boundaries, hierarchy, and maintaining integrity of subsystems

Question 37

internal family systems model

Answer 37

Schwartz, considers both individual intrapsychic dynamics and family systems

Question 38

social constructionism

Answer 38

philosophy that our experiences are a function of how we think about them, not objective entities

Question 39

Basic Family Therapy Skills Project

Answer 39

focused on determining, defining, and testing skills essential for beginning family therapists to master for effective therapy practice

Question 40

new epistemology

Answer 40

the cybernetic approach of Bateson & others must be incorporated in its truest sense into family therapy, emphasizes second-order cybernetics and ontology

Question 41

second-order cybernetics

Answer 41

the cybernetics of cybernetics, emphasizes positive feedback in system transformation

Question 42

ontology

Answer 42

worldview that stresses circularity and autonomy of systems

Question 43

US vs. Windsor

Answer 43

sect. 3 of Defense of Marriage Act unconstitutional, lifts restriction placed on federal definition of "spouse"

Question 44

Hollingsworth vs. Perry

Answer 44

sponsors of Prop. 8 were wrong, lifted ban on same-sex marriages