History Of Life

Question 0

Spontaneous generation

Answer 0

Living things arise from non-living things

Question 1

Biogenesis

Answer 1

Living things come from other living things

Question 2

Redi’s experiment

Answer 2

(Meat experiment)

• noticed and described the diff development of flies
• tiny wormlike maggots turned into sturdy oval cases, from which flies eventually emerged
• paper on meat , cheesecloth on meat

Question 3

Spallanzani’s experiment

Answer 3

(Boiled broth)

• investigators concluded that microorganism’ arise spontaneously from a “ vial force “ in the air
• hypothesized micro organisms formed not from air but from other microorganisms

Question 4

Pasteurs experiment

Answer 4

Won a prize finally clearing up the issue with spontaneous generation

• made a curve neck flask that allowed the air inside the flask to mix with air outside
• curve of neck prevented solid particles, such as microorganisms from entering the body of the flask

Question 5

Earth history

Answer 5

• 5 billion years ago, our solar system was a swirling mass of gas and dust
• most of the material was pulled together by gravity and formed the sun
• the remaining gas, dust, and debris circled the sin forming the planets

Question 6

Earth : Age

Answer 6

• earth is about 4.5 billion years old

- early estimates of it’s age were made by studying layers of sedimentary rock in earths crust

Question 7

Radio metric dating

Answer 7

• way of determining the absolute age of an object by comparing the relative percentages of radioactive(parent) isotope and a stable ( daughter ) isotope

Question 8

Isotope

Answer 8

Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons

Question 9

Mass number of an isotope

Answer 9

Total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

Question 10

Radioactive decay

Answer 10

Isotopes having unstable nuclei release particles or radiant energy, or both, until td nuclei become stable( radioactive isotopes )

Question 11

Half life

Answer 11

Time it takes for one half of any size of an isotope to decay to a stable form. Range from a fraction of a second to billions of years

Question 12

First organic compounds

Answer 12

Hypothesis ( Alexander oparin and john haldine )

• amonia, hydrogen gas, water vapor, methane
• high temperatures caused the gars to form simple organic compounds( amino acids)
• cooling of earth caused compounds to collect waters
• lightening and UV radiation may have caused compounds to be more complex resulting in macromolecules

Question 13

Synthesis of organic molecules

Answer 13

Miller and Urey set up and experiment using oparins theory as a straying point
- experiment produced a variety of organic molecules, including sugars and amino acids , glycine

Question 14

Abiogenesis

Answer 14

The development of life from pre-existing chemical components of life. Such life would of course be extremely primitive

Question 15

Ribosome

Answer 15

RNA molecule that can act as a catalyst and promote specific chemical reaction

Question 16

Thomas Cech

Answer 16

• Supports hypothesis that life started with self- replicated molecules
• the first cells were probably anaerobic heterotrophic prokaryotes
• the first autotrophs did not depend in photosynthesis the way most autotrophs so today

Question 17

Chemosynthesis

Answer 17

Serves as a carbon source for the assembly of organic molecules . Energy is obtained from the oxidation of various inorganic substances such as sulfur

Question 18

Archae

Answer 18

Study of archeology. Fossils, organisms ancient bacteria

Question 19

Endosymbiosis

Answer 19

Mutually beneficial relationship in which one organism lives with another

Question 20

Note :

Answer 20

• Aerobic prokaryotes evolved into modern mitochondria

- photosynthetic Cyanobacteria May have evolved into chloroplasts