HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY PROFESSION Flashcards by Michaela Antonio

Also known as Clinical Laboratory Science

MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY

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It is the collection, receipt, preparation, investigation and laboratory analysis of samples of human biological material for the purpose of supporting patient diagnosis, management and treatment and for the maintenance of health and wellbeing.

MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY

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It is a branch of laboratory medicine which deals with the diagnostic or therapeutic applications of science and technology.

MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY

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It is a dynamic healthcare profession that deals with the study and practice of diagnostic laboratory medicine.

MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY

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The branch of medicine concerned with the performance of laboratory determinations and analyses used in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease and the maintenance of health.

Anna Fagelson (1961)

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The application of principles of natural, physical, and biological sciences to the performance of laboratory
procedures which aid in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.

Ruth Heinemann (1963)

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The health profession concerned with performing laboratory analyses in view of obtaining information necessary in the diagnosis and treatment of disease as well as in the maintenance of good health.

Walters

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An auxiliary branch of laboratory medicine which deals with the examination by various chemical, microscopic, bacteriologic and other medical laboratory procedures or technique which will aid the physician in the diagnosis, study, and treatment of disease and in the promotion of health in general.

Republic Act No. 5527/ The Philippine Medical Technology Act of 1969

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Republic Act No. 5527/ The Philippine Medical Technology Act of 1969

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Republic Act No. 5527/ The Philippine Medical Technology Act of 1969

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Father of Medicine

Hippocrates

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Created the Hippocratic Oath

Hippocrates

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Described four “humors” or body fluids in man

Hippocrates

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It is he code of ethics for practicing physicians.

Hippocratic Oath

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four “humors” or body fluids in man

(blood, phlegm, yellow bile & black bile)

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traces the beginning of medical technology

Vivian Herrick, MT

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Intestinal parasite such as Taenia and Ascaris were mentioned in early writings

Vivian Herrick, MT

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Ebers Papyrus- book for treatment of diseases

Vivian Herrick, MT

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book for treatment of diseases
-contains description of the three stages of hookworm infection

Ebers Papyrus

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When was the ebers papyrus written?

1550 BC

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believes that MT began from the Medieval Period as supported by the fact that urinalysis (the oldest laboratory procedure”) was a fad

Ruth Williams, MT

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scientific observation”- urine of certain individuals attracted ants, and that such urine has a sweetish taste

Early Hindu doctors

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Hindu physician recorded the sweet taste of diabetic urine

600 BC

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that the urine in diabetes had a taste similar to honey.

1674

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reaped fortunes from diagnosing diseases by the appearance for the urine

Quacks

prefers to date MT from 14th century

14th century Anne Fagelson

a prominent Italian physician, Mondino de’ Liuzzi at the University of Bologna employed one Allesandra Giliani to perform certain tasks now under the domain of the medical technology profession. Unfortunately, this young lady died from a laboratory acquired infection

14th century Anne Fagelson

first unlucky recipient of blood transfusion

1492 Pope Innocent VIII

blood of three boys was infused into the dying pontiff (through the mouth, as the concept of circulation and methods for intravenous access did not exist at that time) at the suggestion of a physician.

1492 Pope Innocent VIII

He discovered blood circulation, the era of blood transfusion started.

William Harvey

first physician to perform direct transfusion of blood.

Richard Lower

showed it was possible for blood to be transfused from animal to animal.

Richard Lower

Notable for having performed the first fully documented human blood transfusion.

Jean-Baptiste Denys

Animal to human transfusion.

Jean-Baptiste Denys

Performed the first successful transfusion of blood to a patient for treatment of a hemorrhage

1829 James Blundell

first human to human blood transfusion

1829 James Blundell

developed the first crude model of a compound model microscope

1590 Zacharias Jannsen

Invented and improved the compound microscope.

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

first to describe red blood cells to see protozoa, and to classify bacteria according to shape.

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Father of Microbiology

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Also known as the “Greatest of the Early Microscopists”

Marcello Malpighi

works in embryology and anatomy definitely marks him as the “Founder of Pathology”.

Marcello Malpighi

cross-immunity of smallpox and cowpox

1798 Edward Jenner

searched and found the answer to the diagnosis of his patients by several means and part of this process of collection evidence was investigation in the laboratory, and a large part of the complete picture consisted of laboratory findings.

1800 Dr. William Occam

production of Aniline dyes

19th century

it became possible to stain bacteria and to study them better under the microscope

19th century

through his leadership, medicine brought in itself a complete revolution by the development of the physical findings before and after death in establishing an anatomical pathology and later in adding bacteriology to the elucidation of the causes of disease and the laboratory examination

1815 Baron Karl Wilhelm von Humboldt

1854 - developed the first visual colorimeter based on Beer’s Law.

Jules Duboscq

1902 – introduced in the clinical laboratory.

Jules Duboscq

One of the youngest of the medical specialist

Rudolf Virchow

Founded the Archives of Pathology in Berlin in 1847

Rudolf Virchow

Pioneer of antiseptic surgery

Joseph Lister

Father of Modern Surgery

Joseph Lister

Performed the first quantitative test for urine sugar.

Hermann Fehling

Created the first vaccine for cholera.

1879 Louis Pasteur

First attenuated vaccine

1880 Louis Pasteur

develops an anthrax vaccine.

1881 Louis Pasteur

develops a rabies vaccine

1882 Louis Pasteur

discovers antitoxins and uses them to develop tetanus and diphtheria vaccines

1890 Emil von Behring

discovers medical use of X-rays in medical imaging

1895 Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen

Noted for having first distinguished the ABO blood group system.

1900 Karl Landsteiner

Blood Typing

1900 Karl Landsteiner

discover insulin – important for the treatment of diabetes

1921 Frederick Banting and Charles Best

First vaccine for tuberculosis

1927

First vaccine for tetanus

1927

discovered properties in mould that fight bacteria. His discovery of penicillin was one of the greatest innovations in the history of medicine

1928 Alexander Fleming

performs the first human kidney transplant (on identical twins)

1954 Joseph Murray

started the first laboratory instruction

1884 Dr. Silas Douglas

* the first laboratory (chemical laboratory) * it became the largest and the best equipped chemical laboratory open to students in the United States.

University of Michigan

Medical College of St. Bartholomew.

1854

all part-time practicing clinicians were reinforced as teachers by whole time professional units applying the new laboratory methods to medical practice and medical teaching at the University College at Cambridge.

1858

he gave the first laboratory course in pathology ever offered in an American Medical School.

Dr. William H. Welch

became the first professor of Pathology at John Hopkins University.

Dr. William H. Welch

the 1st pathologist of the John Hopkins Hospital Department of Pathology

Dr. Simon Flexner

obtained significant results in his works in medicine by applying laboratory methods to his practice of medicine.

Sir John Scott Burdon-Sanderson

concluded that the use of laboratory methods in Clinical Medicine elucidates pathological problems.

Sir John Scott Burdon-Sanderson

first clinical laboratory was opened at the John Hopkins Hospital

Dr. William Osler

routine examination were carried out, special attention being given to the search for malarial parasite in the blood.”

Dr. William Osler

A clinical laboratory was also opened at the University of Pennsylvania in 1896 (William Pepper Laboratory).

Dr. William Osler

- wrote “A Manual of Clinical Diagnosis” The book was retitled “Clinical Diagnosis by Laboratory Methods” in 6th edition by Dr. Todd and Dr. Arthur Sanford and then “Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods”, presently published under the editorship of Davidson and Henry when the authors died - This book became the standard reference for laboratories

Dr. James C. Todd

In census, 100 technicians, all male were employed in the United States. This increased to 3,500 in 1920. In 1922, 3035 hospitals had clinical laboratories

1900

an Insurance Act was approved and a complete revolution in the development of the laboratory science as the basis of disease was formally accepted

1911

stated legislature of Pennsylvania enacted a law requiring all hospitals and Institutions to have an adequate laboratory and to employ a full-time laboratory technician

1915

World War I was an important factor in the growth of the clinical laboratory and produced a great demand for technicians.

1914-1918

Denver Society of the Clinical Pathologist was organized

1921

* One of the first schools for training workers established at the University of Minnesota * A course bulletin was entitled “Courses in Medical Technology for Clinical and Laboratory Technicians” was issued

1922

University of Minnesota was the first to offer a degree level program believed to be in 1923

1922

American Society of Clinical Pathologists (ASCP) was organized

1923

American Board of Pathology was established.

1936

American Medical Technologists (AMT) was formed

1939

World War II marked effect on laboratory medicine.

1939-1945

* The use of blood increased and the “closed system” of blood collection was widely adopted. * Instrumentation was advanced * Automated equipment appeared and quality control programs became common place laboratory medicine certainly moved into an era of sophistication.

1939-1945

* the United States required a two-year collegiate education and a twelve-month actual training in the laboratory for the preparation of this practice. * A standard curriculum was formalized in 1950 in preparation for a Bachelor of Science Degree

1940

Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act of 1967 was enacted.

1967

Medical Technologists were required to have a bachelor’s degree or the equivalent

1975

The National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) is a group of clinicians & laboratory scientists that have grouped together to discuss ways of improving patient services

1977

the term “Clinical Laboratory Science” is adopted.

1999

At the end of World War II, medical technology practice was introduced to the Philippines by the?

26th Medical Laboratory of the 6th US Army

The US Army established the first clinical laboratory in the Philippines at

Quiricada Street, Sta. Cruz, Manila where the Manila Public Health Laboratory is presently located.

The US Army left clinical laboratory and endorsed it to the National Department of Health. But the Department rendered the laboratory nonfunctional for some time.

June, 1943

The laboratory offered training programs to high school graduates

February, 1944

formally organized the Manila Public Health Laboratory

Dr. Alfredo Pio de Roda

the training of high school graduated to work as medical technicians was revised under Dr. Pio de Roda and Dr. Prudencia Sta. Ana. No definite period of training was set and no certificates were given to trainees.

1947, Dr. Pio de Roda and Dr. Prudencia Sta. Ana

Who is the founder of the Medical Technology Education/course in the Philippines?

Mrs. Willa Hilgert Hedrick

She was an American Seventh Day Adventist missionary to the Philippines and married to Dr. Hedrick, the first Medical internist of the Manila Sanitarium and Hospital (now Manila Adventist Medical Center).

Mrs. Willa Hilgert Hedrick

offered the first four-year B.S. degree in Medical Technology with Manila Sanitarium (Manila Adventist Medical Center)

1954 Philippine Union College

Is an OB-Gyne practitioner and was an owner of Omega Laboratories

Mr. Jesse Umali

Philippine Union College (now the Adventist University of the Philippines) graduated its first Medical technology graduate in the person of

Mr. Jesse Umali

* Followed in 1960 through the pioneering efforts of Mrs. Purification Sunico-Suaco who was granted by the University President Carmen de Luna, to work on the feasibility of the offering the medical technology course in the university. * Their first graduates were in 1962.

Centro Escolar University

* started offering B.S. in Medical technology under the College of Medicine. * Initiated by Dr. Horacio A. Ylagan and Dr. Serafin J. Juliano.

Far Eastern University

Offers the similar course but the degree conferred is B.S. Public Health

University of the Philippines Manila

HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY PROFESSION Flashcards

(111 cards)