history of medicine

Question 1

People believed that disease & illness were caused by supernatural spirits & demons

Answer 1

Ancient Times

Question 2

Treatment involved eliminating evil spirits

Answer 2

Ancient Times

Question 3

Exploring the body was limited because most religions did not allow the dissection of the human body; animals were used to explore the body

Answer 3

Ancient Times

Question 4

Religion played a crucial role in the health care,
Disease & illness were punishments from god

Answer 4

Ancient Times

Question 5

First people to keep accurate health records

Answer 5

Ancient Egyptians

Question 6

Physicians were priests who studied medicine & surgery in temple medical schools

Answer 6

Ancient Egyptians

Question 7

Many people could not read so knowledge was limited to few
also
Used magic & medicinal plants to treat disease

Answer 7

Ancient Egyptians

Question 8

-Religious prohibitions against dissection resulted in inadequate knowledge of body structure
-Believed in the need to treat the whole body by curing the spirit & nourishing the body

Answer 8

Ancient Chinese

Question 9

Began the research for medical reasons for illness

Answer 9

Ancient Chinese

Question 10

Monitored pulse to determine the condition of the body

Answer 10

Ancient Chinese

Question 11

Recorded a pharmacopoeia (an official drug directory) of medications based mainly on the use of herbs

Answer 11

Ancient Chinese

Question 12

Began modern medical science by observing the human body & effects of disease (Hippocrates)

Answer 12

Ancient Greeks

Question 13

Believed illness is a result of natural causes

Answer 13

Ancient Greeks

Question 14

Stressed diet & cleanliness as ways to prevent disease

Answer 14

Ancient Greeks

Question 15

Greek physician known as the “Father of Medicine”

Answer 15

Hippocrates

Question 16

Believed that illness & disease had rational & physical explanations, which led medicine in a more accurate direction

Answer 16

Hippocrates

Question 17

First to accurately describe symptoms of pneumonia and epilepsy in children

Answer 17

Hippocrates

Question 18

Encouraged the use of a good diet, fresh air, cleanliness, & exercise to help the body heal itself

Answer 18

Hippocrates

Question 19

Founded a medical school in Cos, Greece

Answer 19

Hippocrates

Question 20

First to organize medical care for injured soldiers

Answer 20

Ancient Romans

Question 21

Public health & sanitations systems began
-Created aqueducts to carry clean water to the cities
-Built sewers to carry waste materials away from the city
-Drained marshes to reduce incidences of malaria

Answer 21

Ancient Romans

Question 22

Early hospitals developed when physicians cared for ill people in rooms of their own homes

Answer 22

Ancient Romans

Question 23

Fall of the Roman Empire stopped the study of medicine

Answer 23

The Dark Ages

Question 24

Monks & priests stressed prayer to treat illness & disease

Answer 24

The Dark Ages

Question 25

Fall of the Roman Empire stopped the study of medicine

Answer 25

The Dark Ages

Question 26

Epidemics broke out (smallpox, dysentery, typhus, & the plague)

Answer 26

The Dark Ages

Question 27

Bubonic plague

Answer 27

Black Death”

Question 28

Bubonic plague- “Black Death”

Answer 28

Middle Ages

Question 29

Arabs began to require that physicians pass examinations to obtain licenses

Answer 29

Middle Ages

Question 30

Physicians began to obtain knowledge at medical universities in the 9th century

Answer 30

Middle Ages

Question 31

Major diseases- smallpox, diphtheria, tuberculosis, typhoid, malaria

Answer 31

Middle Ages

Question 32

“Rebirth of the science of medicine”

Answer 32

The Renaissance

Question 33

New discoveries were made due to the dissection of the human body being accepted & allowed

Answer 33

The Renaissance

Question 34

Artists like Michelangelo & Leonardo da Vinci were able to accurately draw the human body

Answer 34

The Renaissance

Question 35

Development of the printing press led to the publication of medical books that were used by students at medical universities -Knowledge spread more rapidly & physicians became more educated

Answer 35

The Renaissance

Question 36

Start of drug stores/ pharmacies (apothecaries)

Answer 36

The 16th & 17th Centuries

Question 37

First successful blood transfusion was performed on animals in England

Answer 37

The 16th & 17th Centuries

Question 38

described the circulation of blood

Answer 38

William Harvey

Question 39

described the tympanic membrane in the ear and the fallopian tubes in the female reproductive system

Answer 39

Gabriel Fallopius

Question 40

identified the tube between the ear & the throat

Answer 40

Bartolomeo Eustachio

Question 41

built a microscope that increased magnification

Answer 41

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Question 42

First thermometer was created by

Answer 42

Gabriel Fahrenheit

Question 43

stablished scientific surgical procedures & introduced tube feedings

Answer 43

John Hunter

Question 44

created the bifocals for eyeglasses

Answer 44

Benjamin Franklin

Question 45

performed the first successful Cesarean section in 1794

Answer 45

Dr. Jesse Bennett

Question 46

developed a vaccination for smallpox in 1796

Answer 46

Edward Jenner

Question 47

Also known as the “Industrial Revolution”

Answer 47

The 19th Century

Question 48

Infection control was a major development

Answer 48

The 19th Century

Question 49

Physicians began to associate microorganisms with disease -Women became active participants in health care

Answer 49

The 19th Century

Question 50

invented the stethoscope in 1816

Answer 50

Rene Laennec

Question 51

started one of the first training programs for nurses in Germany (provided training for Florence Nightingale)

Answer 51

Theodor Fliedner

Question 52

Founder of modern nursing!!

Answer 52

Florence Nightingale

Question 53

Fought for the reform of military hospitals & for improved medical care

Answer 53

Florence Nightingale

Question 54

Used statistics to prove that the number of deaths deceased with improved sanitary conditions

Answer 54

Florence Nightingale

Question 55

Founded the Nightingale Training School for Nurses

Answer 55

Florence Nightingale

Question 56

Founder of the American Red Cross

Answer 56

Clara Barton

Question 57

Campaigned for the Treaty of Geneva until it was ratified in 1881

Answer 57

Clara Barton

Question 58

Volunteered to provide aid to wounded soldiers during the American Civil War

Answer 58

Clara Barton

Question 59

X-ray was used to view the human body

Answer 59

The 20th Century

Question 60

Vaccines, insulin, and antibiotics were developed

Answer 60

The 20th Century

Question 61

Causes of many diseases were identified

Answer 61

The 20th Century

Question 62

Health care plans were developed to help with the costs and standards were created to make sure all people have access to quality health care

Answer 62

The 20th Century

Question 63

Penicillin was discovered in 1928 by

Answer 63

Sir Alexander Fleming

Question 64

described the structure of DNA and how it carries genetic information in 1950

Answer 64

Francis Crick & James Watson

Question 65

Famous for his landmark surgeries to separate conjoined twins

Answer 65

Benjamin Carson

Question 66

Completion of the Human Genome Project by the National Institutes of Health (NIH)

Answer 66

The 21st Century

Question 67

Robotic surgery

Answer 67

The 21st Century

Question 68

3-D printing of surgical implants & joints (decreases cost & increases availability)

Answer 68

The 21st Century

Question 69

Nanotechnology

Answer 69

The 21st Century

Question 70

Implanted insulin pumps

Answer 70

The 21st Century