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history of medicine Flashcards

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1
Q

People believed that disease & illness were caused by supernatural spirits & demons

A

Ancient Times

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2
Q

Treatment involved eliminating evil spirits

A

Ancient Times

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3
Q

Exploring the body was limited because most religions did not allow the dissection of the human body; animals were used to explore the body

A

Ancient Times

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4
Q

Religion played a crucial role in the health care,
Disease & illness were punishments from god

A

Ancient Times

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5
Q

First people to keep accurate health records

A

Ancient Egyptians

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6
Q

Physicians were priests who studied medicine & surgery in temple medical schools

A

Ancient Egyptians

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7
Q

Many people could not read so knowledge was limited to few
also
Used magic & medicinal plants to treat disease

A

Ancient Egyptians

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8
Q

-Religious prohibitions against dissection resulted in inadequate knowledge of body structure
-Believed in the need to treat the whole body by curing the spirit & nourishing the body

A

Ancient Chinese

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9
Q

Began the research for medical reasons for illness

A

Ancient Chinese

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10
Q

Monitored pulse to determine the condition of the body

A

Ancient Chinese

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11
Q

Recorded a pharmacopoeia (an official drug directory) of medications based mainly on the use of herbs

A

Ancient Chinese

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12
Q

Began modern medical science by observing the human body & effects of disease (Hippocrates)

A

Ancient Greeks

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13
Q

Believed illness is a result of natural causes

A

Ancient Greeks

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14
Q

Stressed diet & cleanliness as ways to prevent disease

A

Ancient Greeks

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15
Q

Greek physician known as the “Father of Medicine”

A

Hippocrates

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16
Q

Believed that illness & disease had rational & physical explanations, which led medicine in a more accurate direction

A

Hippocrates

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17
Q

First to accurately describe symptoms of pneumonia and epilepsy in children

A

Hippocrates

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18
Q

Encouraged the use of a good diet, fresh air, cleanliness, & exercise to help the body heal itself

A

Hippocrates

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19
Q

Founded a medical school in Cos, Greece

A

Hippocrates

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20
Q

First to organize medical care for injured soldiers

A

Ancient Romans

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21
Q

Public health & sanitations systems began
-Created aqueducts to carry clean water to the cities
-Built sewers to carry waste materials away from the city
-Drained marshes to reduce incidences of malaria

A

Ancient Romans

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22
Q

Early hospitals developed when physicians cared for ill people in rooms of their own homes

A

Ancient Romans

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23
Q

Fall of the Roman Empire stopped the study of medicine

A

The Dark Ages

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24
Q

Monks & priests stressed prayer to treat illness & disease

A

The Dark Ages

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25
Q

Fall of the Roman Empire stopped the study of medicine

A

The Dark Ages

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26
Q

Epidemics broke out (smallpox, dysentery, typhus, & the plague)

A

The Dark Ages

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27
Q

Bubonic plague

A

Black Death”

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28
Q

Bubonic plague- “Black Death”

A

Middle Ages

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29
Q

Arabs began to require that physicians pass examinations to obtain licenses

A

Middle Ages

30
Q

Physicians began to obtain knowledge at medical universities in the 9th century

A

Middle Ages

31
Q

Major diseases- smallpox, diphtheria, tuberculosis, typhoid, malaria

A

Middle Ages

32
Q

“Rebirth of the science of medicine”

A

The Renaissance

33
Q

New discoveries were made due to the dissection of the human body being accepted & allowed

A

The Renaissance

34
Q

Artists like Michelangelo & Leonardo da Vinci were able to accurately draw the human body

A

The Renaissance

35
Q

Development of the printing press led to the publication of medical books that were used by students at medical universities
-Knowledge spread more rapidly & physicians became more educated

A

The Renaissance

36
Q

Start of drug stores/ pharmacies (apothecaries)

A

The 16th & 17th Centuries

37
Q

First successful blood transfusion was performed on animals in England

A

The 16th & 17th Centuries

38
Q

described the circulation of blood

A

William Harvey

39
Q

described the tympanic membrane in the ear and the fallopian tubes in the female reproductive system

A

Gabriel Fallopius

40
Q

identified the tube between the ear & the throat

A

Bartolomeo Eustachio

41
Q

built a microscope that increased magnification

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

42
Q

First thermometer was created by

A

Gabriel Fahrenheit

43
Q

stablished scientific surgical procedures & introduced tube feedings

A

John Hunter

44
Q

created the bifocals for eyeglasses

A

Benjamin Franklin

45
Q

performed the first successful Cesarean section in 1794

A

Dr. Jesse Bennett

46
Q

developed a vaccination for smallpox in 1796

A

Edward Jenner

47
Q

Also known as the “Industrial Revolution”

A

The 19th Century

48
Q

Infection control was a major development

A

The 19th Century

49
Q

Physicians began to associate microorganisms with disease
-Women became active participants in health care

A

The 19th Century

50
Q

invented the stethoscope in 1816

A

Rene Laennec

51
Q

started one of the first training programs for nurses in Germany (provided training for Florence Nightingale)

A

Theodor Fliedner

52
Q

Founder of modern nursing!!

A

Florence Nightingale

53
Q

Fought for the reform of military hospitals & for improved medical care

A

Florence Nightingale

54
Q

Used statistics to prove that the number of deaths deceased with improved sanitary conditions

A

Florence Nightingale

55
Q

Founded the Nightingale Training School for Nurses

A

Florence Nightingale

56
Q

Founder of the American Red Cross

A

Clara Barton

57
Q

Campaigned for the Treaty of Geneva until it was ratified in 1881

A

Clara Barton

58
Q

Volunteered to provide aid to wounded soldiers during the American Civil War

A

Clara Barton

59
Q

X-ray was used to view the human body

A

The 20th Century

60
Q

Vaccines, insulin, and antibiotics were developed

A

The 20th Century

61
Q

Causes of many diseases were identified

A

The 20th Century

62
Q

Health care plans were developed to help with the costs and standards were created to make sure all people have access to quality health care

A

The 20th Century

63
Q

Penicillin was discovered in 1928 by

A

Sir Alexander Fleming

64
Q

described the structure of DNA and how it carries genetic information in 1950

A

Francis Crick & James Watson

65
Q

Famous for his landmark surgeries to separate conjoined twins

A

Benjamin Carson

66
Q

Completion of the Human Genome Project by the National Institutes of Health (NIH)

A

The 21st Century

67
Q

Robotic surgery

A

The 21st Century

68
Q

3-D printing of surgical implants & joints (decreases cost & increases availability)

A

The 21st Century

69
Q

Nanotechnology

A

The 21st Century

70
Q

Implanted insulin pumps

A

The 21st Century

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