History of Medicine More detailed Flashcards
(49 cards)
1
Q
Prehistoric Medicine- 3000 BC
3 things
A
- Very spiritual
- Trepanning
- The medicine man
2
Q
Hippocrates- 400 BC
4 things
A
- Hippocratic Oath- Medical ethics
- Hippocratic Corpus- A collection of books
- Diagnosis and observation
- Illness- imbalance of elements
3
Q
Greek Medicine- 1500-300 BC
6 things
A
- Spiritual- Asclepius and the Asclepions.
- Aristotle- The Four Humours
- Hippocrates
- Tried to explain things rationally
- A Regimen for Health
- Surgery was the last resort
4
Q
Egyptian Medicine-2000 BC
5 things
A
- The Channel Theory
- Spiritual- life controlled by Gods
- Very clean
- Mummification- some knowledge of anatomy
- Observed their patients.
5
Q
Roman Medicine- 400 BC-500 AD
5 things
A
- Very good Public Health
- Healthy army
- Galen
- More advanced surgery
- Believed in the 4 humours and observation
6
Q
Galen- 162 AD
4 things
A
- Four Humours
- Believed in ethics and Observation
- Dissected animals – good anatomical knowledge
- Made a lot of mistakes
7
Q
High Middle Ages- 1066-1453
5 things
A
- Some medical knowledge was brought back
- Astrology and urine samples
- Four Humours
- Awful public health
- Superstitious
8
Q
Dark Ages- 476-1066 AD
6 things
A
- Barbarians invaded- Saxons
- Most Roman medical knowledge was lost
- Bad public health
- Superstition and Magic
- Dominated by Roman catholic church
- Believed what they were told
9
Q
Renaissance Medicine- 1450-1750
4 things
A
- Printing press
- Thinking for yourself and asking questions
- The great plague
- Bad public health
10
Q
Vesalius- 1540s
2 things
A
- Wrote anatomy books based on his own dissections
2. Pointed out Galen’s mistakes
11
Q
Harvey- 1620s
1 thing
A
- Discovered how the circulatory system worked
12
Q
Pare- 1570s
2 things
A
- Ligatures instead of cauterisation
2. Treatment for gunshot wound
13
Q
The Great Plague- 1665
2 things
A
- Quarantine
2. Tried to control the disease
14
Q
Edwin Jenner- 1796
1 thing
A
- Vaccination for small pox
15
Q
Humphrey Davy- 1799
1 thing
A
- Discovered Nitrous oxide (laughing gas) as a possible anaesthetic
16
Q
Industrial Revolution- 1830s
2 things
A
- Shared housing
2. Poor working and living conditions
17
Q
Cholera- 1831
1 thing
A
- Spreads through infected drinking water
18
Q
Edwin Chadwick- 1842
1 thing
A
- Wrote a report on public health suggesting improvements
19
Q
James Simpson- 1847
1 thing
A
- He discovers the effects of chloroform
20
Q
Ether- 1846
2 things
A
- First successful demonstration of Ether as an anaesthetic
2. But it was an irritant and had side effects
21
Q
First public health act- 1848
2 things
A
- Enabled local authorities to borrow money to pay for the improvements
- Wasn’t compulsory
22
Q
John Snow- 1854
1 thing
A
- He linked cholera to contaminated water
23
Q
The Crimean War- 1854
1 thing
A
- Florence Nightingale and Mary Seacole helped to change nursing
24
Q
Queen Victoria- 1857
1 thing
A
- She supports the use of chloroform
25
The Great Stink- 1858
| 2 things
1. Waste overflowed into the Thames.
| 2. Hot weather made a very bad smell
26
Joseph Bazalgette- 1858
| 2 things
1. Built a massive sewer system for London
| 2. Stopped cholera
27
Louis Pasteur- 1861
| 1 thing
1. Developed the germ theory
28
Second public health act- 1875
| 2 things
1. It was compulsory
| 2. Sewers had to be away from houses
29
Joseph Lister- 1867
| 1 thing
1. Lister used carbolic acid as an antiseptic in surgery
30
Koch- 1881
| 2 things
1. Discovered the cause of anthrax
| 2. From his methods the causes of many diseases were found
31
Public health improvements- 1876
| 4 things
1. New laws were introduced against:
2. The pollution of rivers
3. The sale of poor quality food
4. And it enforced building regulations
32
X-rays- 1895
| 1 thing
1. They were discovered by Wilhelm Roentgen
33
Blood Transfusions- 1901
| 1 thing
1. Different blood groups were discovered which lead to the first successful blood transfusion
34
National Health Insurance- 1911
| 2 things
1. Was introduced by Lloyd George
| 2. Health insurance and unemployment benefit
35
Alexander Fleming- 1928
| 2 things
1. He discovered penicillin (the first anti-biotic)
| 2. He didn’t take the work any further
36
World War One- 1914-1918
| 1 thing
1. Development of skin grafts to help victims of shelling
37
Florey and Chain- 1937-45
| 2 things
1. There was a need for penicillin during the war
| 2. They began the mass production of penicillin
38
Contraceptive pill- 1961
| 1 thing
1. It was first introduced
39
William Beveridge- 1942
| 1 thing
1. He produced the Beveridge report which formed the basis of the NHS
40
National Health Service Act- 1946
| 2 things
1. Bevan introduced the NHS
| 2. The NHS provides free health care at the point of use
41
NHS first day- 1948
| 2 things
1. Hospitals were nationalised
| 2. Doctors were spread more evenly around the country
42
DNA- 1953
| 2 things
1. DNA was first described by James Watson and Francis Crick
| 2. They relied on the work by Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins
43
Test tube baby- 1978
| 1 thing
1. The first test tube baby
44
Keyhole surgery- 1990s
| 1 thing
1. Using endoscopes it made surgery less invasive
45
Radiography-1896-98
| 2 things
1. Discovered by Marie Curie and Pierre
| 2. Very useful for different treatments e.g. radio therapy for cancer
46
National organ donor register- 1994
| 1 thing
1. It was created
47
World War 2- 1939-45
| 4 things
1. Skin grafts
2. Pedicle tubes
3. Prosthetic limbs
4. Brain tubes
48
Heart transplant- 1967
| 1 thing
1. The first successful heart transplant was carried out by Christian Barnard
49
The Black Death- 1348
| 4 things
1. Carried by rats
2. Plague doctors
3. Bubonic and pneumonic
4. Miasma and God- flagellants
