History of Microbiology

Question 1

Robert Hooke

Answer 1

• wrote Micrographia (1665)
• observes cellular structure
• called them ‘cells’

Question 2

Antonie Van Leewenhoek

Answer 2

• the father of microbiology
• perfected his microscope in the 1600s
• simple microscopes that studied fabrics
• described pond organisms and plaque from teeth (1678)
• microscopes magnified 300x

Question 3

Schleiden and Schwann

Answer 3

• formalized the cell theory
  1) all living things are made of cells
  2) cells are the basic structure and function of living things
  3) only existing cells can make new cells

Question 4

Ignaz Semmelweiss

Answer 4

• the first clean freak
• decreased maternity mortality rates
• new rules for cleanliness were resented

Question 5

Joseph Lister

Answer 5

• first antiseptic surgeon
• advocated handwashing, air sterilization, and carbonic was of patients
• ‘Listerine’ was named after him

Question 6

Oliver Holmes

Answer 6

• advocated handwashing to prevent childbed fever
• mixed medical field with poetry
• “Chicago sounds rough, but Cincinnati sounds worse”.

Question 7

Louis Pasteur

Answer 7

• proved germ theory
• developed pasteurization
• developed anthrax and rabies vaccinations
• conducted first studies linking human disease to infection

Question 8

Robert Koch

Answer 8

• Koch’s Postulates: proves germ theory
• proved bacillus anthracis causes anthrax
• discovery of 20 disease causing agents (1875-1900) based on his techniques
• the discovery of pathogens and their diseases

Question 9

Julius Petri

Answer 9

-invented the petri dish

Question 10

Alexander Fleming

Answer 10

• discovery of the first antibiotic: penicillin

- observed mold on bread

Question 11

Watson and Crick

Answer 11

-double helix structure of DNA

Question 12

Paul Berg

Answer 12

-developed the first recombinant DNA in a test tube

Question 13

Stanley Cohen

Answer 13

-first DNA clones using recombinant DNA

Question 14

David Ho

Answer 14

-cocktail of drugs to treat AIDS