History of Microbiology Flashcards
(51 cards)
What is the term for enzymatic degeneration of carbohydrates in which the final electron acceptor is an organic molecule (contains carbon)?
Fermentation
Give an example of Fermentation
ATP is synthesized by phosporylation (adding phosphate) and oxygen it is not required
What is the process that yeasts use to convert sugars to alcohol in the absence of air?
Fermentation
What is the process of mild heating to kill particular spoilage microorganisms or pathogens?
Pasteurization
What does Aerobic mean?
Requires Oxygen
What does Anaerobic mean?
Requires an environment without oxygen
What does facultative mean?
Can survive in environments with or without oxygen
What philosopher scientist first coined the phrase “spontaneous generation?”
Aristotle
Who believed that bees grew from honey and flies grew from meat?
Virgil
Who first used a magnifying lens called “flea glasses?”
The Romans
Who invented the first compound microscope?
Janssen
Who improved both the microscope and the telescope?
Galileo
Who improved the simple microscope to a magnification of 270x and Who first described microbes?
Van Leeuwenhoek
Bacterial Arrangements What are the types of: Pairs Clusters Chains
Pairs – diplococcic & diplobacilli
Clusters – staphylococci
Chains – streptococci & streptobacilli
Robert Hooke looked at a cork under a microscope and coined what term?
“Cells”
What is the name for the hypothesis that organisms arose from nonliving life?
Spontaneous Generation
Who thought that mice grew from hay and coined the term “Spontaneous Generation”?
Aristotle
According to spontaneous generation, what forms life?
Vital Force
What is the name for the hypothesis that organisms arise from preexisting life?
Biogenesis
Who was a believer in biogenesis and set out to prove that maggots in meat were caused by flies laying eggs in the meat?
Redi
How did Francisco Redi prove biogenesis?
He filled covered jars with meat, proving that maggots do not spontaneously grow from the meat.
How did John Needham prove spontaneous generation?
Put boiled nutrient broth into covered flasks and got microbial growth, so he thought that proved that organisms can spontaneously be created.
What was flawed with Needham’s experiment?
His flask was covered with a non-sterile cork
Who believed that microorganisms are present in the air, and set out to prove it?
Louis Pasteur
