History of Oncology

Question 1

Who is the Father of Medicine?
1- Edwin Smith Papyrus
2- Aulus Cornelius Celsus
3 - Hippocrates

Answer 1

3- Hippocrates

Question 2

What does the word Onkos or Oncos mean?

Answer 2

It is the Greek root word for Oncology

Question 3

In ancient times, how did physicians describe tumors?

Answer 3

Burden, mass load, or Swelling

Question 4

Which century the first autopsy was done and discovered how the blood and heart worked together for circulation.

Answer 4

16th Century (1628) by William Harvey

Question 5

When did the Anesthesia come on the scene?
1 - 17th century
2- 18th century
3 - 19th century

Answer 5

18th century

Question 6

Who develops the Mastectomy?
1- William Stewart Halsted
2- John Hunter
3- Giovanni Battista Morgagni

Answer 6

William Stewart Halsted

Question 7

What does Oncology mean?

Answer 7

The study and treatment of tumors

Question 8

When the Microscope was invented and by whom?
1590 - Edward Jenner, Zacharias Jessen, or Robert Koch.

Answer 8

The year of 1590 Zacharias Jessen.

Question 9

Where does the cancer start in the body?

Answer 9

Cancer starts because of changes in the DNA (mutation), and then the abnormal cells grow out of control.

Question 10

The spreading of cancer to other parts of the body is known as:
1-Primary cancer
2- Metastasis
3- Local invasion
4-Tumor movement

Answer 10

Metastasis

Question 11

What is the percentage of cancers that are related to heredity?
1- 5-10%
2- 15-25%
3- 25-50%
4- 70-100%

Answer 11

5-10%

Question 12

What is Apoptosis
a’-puhp-tow-suhs

Answer 12

(They are promagrammed normal cells life span and cell death.)
Normal cells have a programmed life span and cell death, so they do not grow out of control like cancer cells that keep growing and never die alone.

Question 13

Why do the Cancer cells spray an enzyme on the neighboring good cells?

Answer 13

For Survival

Question 14

What is Angiogenesis?
(an’-jee-ow-jeh-nuh-suhs)

Answer 14

Means new blood vessel development or formation. All cells require a blood supply of oxygen to grow, thrive, and remove carbon dioxide and other waste.

Question 15

Where the DNA sits?

Answer 15

The DNA sits in the middle of each cell.

Question 16

When does the body have a propensity to get cancer?

Answer 16

When the body in a low immune system

Question 17

What are Epithelial Tissues?

Answer 17

They line organs form barriers & aid absorption, secretion & sensation.

Question 18

What are the Categories of Cancer?

Answer 18

Solid and Liquid

Question 19

Describe Solid Cancer.

Answer 19

Abnormal growths of cells that form a mass or tumor in solid organs or tissues.

Question 20

Which is the most common solid cancer?

Answer 20

Carcinoma

Question 21

Which solid cancer is sitting on the outermost layer of the skin?

Answer 21

Basel

Question 22

Describe Liquid Cancer.

Answer 22

Cancers originating in the blood, bone marrow, or lymphatic system include Leukemia, Lymphoma, and myeloma.

Question 23

Back in the beginning of the 1970’s, did the doctors think that cancer was contagious?

Answer 23

Yes

Question 24

In the 21st century, is cancer contagious?

Answer 24

No

Question 25

What can lower the Immune System?

Answer 25

Viruses, Bacteria, Hereditary genetic mutation, Sporadic Exposure, Tobacco, and Alcohol.

Question 26

Which is the percentage of Alcohol consumption is responsible for all cancer cases in the US? 1- 1% 2- 10% 3- 6%

Answer 26

6%

Question 27

Which chemical component is in Quats?

Answer 27

Formaldehyde

Question 28

Where is store the intake food?

Answer 28

In the Fat Cells.

Question 29

What is the optimal woman's BMI?

Answer 29

It is between 24.9 - 29.9.

Question 30

Sleep deprivation or longer sleep duration increases the risk factors for cancer. List the risk factors.

Answer 30

30% increase in breast cancer Prostate, Colon, Ovarian, Thyroid, Skin, Gastrointestinal, Lung, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, Stroke, insulin resistance, weight gain, heart disease, and high blood pressure.

Question 31

Why is the statistical data for melanoma skin cancer not accurate?

Answer 31

Because in some states, it is not required to report.

Question 32

What US state has the lowest cancer rate?

Answer 32

Arizona, New Mexico, and Wyoming

Question 33

What is the cancer survival rate?

Answer 33

It depends on the kind of cancer, but it's about a 68% survival rate.

Question 34

Which of the following treatments is used to diagnose the cancer? 1- Radiation 2- Chemotherapy 3-Surgery

Answer 34

Surgery/biopsy

Question 35

When to do a Lumpectomy?

Answer 35

It is a surgery where the surgeon removes the lump in its entirety as well as the tissue surrounding it.

Question 36

What is Mastectomy

Answer 36

SSurgery to remove the entire breast.

Question 37

What type of surgery does the patient want to remove all the breast tissue, including the nipple, but doesn't remove the lymph nodes or muscle tissue beneath the breast?

Answer 37

It is a Simple Mastectomy

Question 38

What type of surgery if the patient is considering reconstructive surgery immediately afterward?

Answer 38

Skin-Sparing Mastectomy

Question 39

What type of surgery What type of surgery is when a patient removes the same tissue as the simple mastectomy but also includes the removal of axillary lymph nodes?

Answer 39

Modified Radical Mastectomy

Question 40

What type of surgery is when removes the entire breast, axillary lymph nodes as well as the pectoral muscles under the breast?

Answer 40

Radical Mastectomy

Question 41

What is the most common way physicians get chemotherapy in the body?

Answer 41

The most common is through a port.

Question 42

Can you massage the area where the port is placed? pg 34

Answer 42

You should not.

Question 43

What can happen if a patient removes one or more lymph node?

Answer 43

It is a possibility to have lymphedema.

Question 44

What does the Radiation Therapy (RT) treat?

Answer 44

It treats only the tumor

Question 45

What does Chemotherapy treat?

Answer 45

Cancer has spread (Metastasized)

Question 46

After receiving Radiation therapy (RT) for thyroid treatment, how long is a patient radioactive? page 42/43

Answer 46

6 days.

Question 47

Radiation side effects? page 43

Answer 47

Salivary gland damage, fatigue, nausea, skin irritation, hair loss, urinary problems

Question 48

List of the protocol for Radiation treatment?pg 43

Answer 48

Fitst, Clean and dry the skin. Seconf, use Calendula daily (Morning & evening) to prep and protect the skin from UV Radiation. Do not use Calendula 4 hrs prior to radiation treatment Last, SPF, it is a must.

Question 49

How does the Chemotherapy is applied? pg 45

Answer 49

Drugs: orally, intravenously, injection, topically.

Question 50

When can a chemotherapy patient make an appointment for a facial? pg 48

Answer 50

A day before the chemo or 14 days after the treatment.

Question 51

What is the most common side effect of chemotherapy treatment?

Answer 51

Fatigue

Question 52

Can an esthetician use light therapy while the patient is in chemotreatment?

Answer 52

No, the esthetician needs to wait six (6) months to evaluate

Question 53

Which treatment should the esthetician do after six months after chemo? pg 50

Answer 53

1- Always start with a patch test. 2- use non-lightening with 3- Azelaic Acid 4- Licorice root extract 5-Vitamin C 6- Niacinamide 7- Willow Bark Extract 8- Pelvita Conalicuta 9- Hexapeptide 2 10-Belles Daisy

Question 54

What is Biotherapy Immunotherapy? pg 20

Answer 54

It is the latest cancer treatment. It uses substances made from living organisms.

Question 55

If a client has a port or PICC Line, where should an esthetician stop the facial treatment? 1- At the base of the neck 2- At the opposite side of the port or PICC line. 3-Go around the port or PICC

Answer 55

At the base of the neck.

Question 56

What is Neutropenia? 1- Low Red Blood Cells 2- High White Blood Cells 3-Low White Blood Cells

Answer 56

Low White Blood Cells

Question 57

What is one of the symptoms of Low Red Blood Cells? 1- Fatigue 2- Sweeting 3-High Fever

Answer 57

Fatigue

Question 58

Can an esthetician perform a facial treatment if the client has Shingles?

Answer 58

No. Reschedule the facial treatment.