History of Optometry Flashcards
(49 cards)
True or False:
Optometrists are considered physicians
True
In the 13th century, what did the Italians do that had to do with optometry?
They started manufacturing lenses. They perfected glass making.
When did optometry begin?
Just over 100 years ago
Who started selling glasses in America for profit in Philadelphia and when? What did this represent?
In 1783, John Mcallister bought a bushel basket of glasses and started selling them. This represented the first time. This represented the first time optometry was seen in America.
Where were most of the lenses made before 1812?
Most lenses were made in Europe.
Why is the war of 1812 important for optometry?
Eyeglasses were not allowed to be shipped to the US from Europe, so WE STARTED MAKING OUR OWN.
When people bought glasses around the time of 1812, did they pay for your services? What exactly did the people pay for?
They paid for the materials, not the service. It was more of a trade.
What was the evolution of names from dispensing opticians to optometrists?
Dispensing optician, refracting optician, optometrists/ optometric optician
Who was James Prentice?
Was an immigrant who came in 1847. Father of Charles Prentice (father of optometry).
Why is Charles Prentice important? (8)
He is considered The Father of Modern Optometry.
- Organized the NY Optical Society
- Developed static and dynamic retinoscopy
- Prentice’s Rule
- Schematic Eye
- 16 laws related to cylindrical lenses
- First to measure the dioptric power of lenses
- Published Ophthalmic Lenses in 1886
In 1895, what happened to Charles Prentice?
He was threatened with jail time because he was charging money for his professional service.
In 1897, what did Charles Prentice do? Where did this take place?
He introduced the first bill to define optometry as refracting, dispensing, and related services. This took place in Pennslyvania.
What happened in 1901?
In 1901, Minnesota passed the first licensure law. This defined the scope of practice of Optometrists.
Who invented the opthalmoscope? When?
Von Helmholtz invented the ophthalmoscope in 1851
Who invented optotypes tests (visual acuity)? When?
Hermann Snellen in 1862
Who invented the retinoscope? When? What did this allow?
Cuignet, in 1873. This allowed optometrists to start to refract and examine patients.
Who was Andrew Cross? What did he believe?
Lived at the same time as Charles Prentice.
He believed that education was the key to the advancement of the profession, not legislation.
Who believed that education was the key to the advance of the profession, not legislation?
Andrew Cross
Who is the Father of Behavioral Optometry and said “Vision is a learned behavior”?
AM Skeffington
What did Irvin Borish do?
Irvin Borish defined the sequence of refraction wrote Clinical Refraction, and played a significant role in founding the Indiana University School of Optometry in 1951.
First university that provided coursework in optometry
Columbia University
What happened in 1915 that was important to optometry?
Pennslyvania Supreme Court ruled “optometry is a separate calling from medicine” and “not a minor branch of medicine”. Saying optometry is separated from medicine and is its own thing in healthcare.
This was a landmark ruling.
Who was Dr. Charles Sheard? What did he believe?
Father of the Four-Year Degree (not doctoral level)
Believed that the 4-year program would elevate optometry to a true profession.
He launched the program at THE Ohio State University.
What happened in 1922?
American Academy of Optometry was organized to encourage research and to improve the ethical scientific standing of optometry
