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OS1 Exam 1 > History of Osteopathy > Flashcards

History of Osteopathy Flashcards

1
Q

Joseph Lister, 1827-1912

A

father of antiseptic surgery

reduced surgical mortality from 45% to 15%

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2
Q

Ingaz Semmelweiss, 1818-1865

A

obstetrical clinic decreased mortality by 90% through handwashing

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3
Q

John Snow, 1813-1880

A

used epidemiology to trace source of cholera outbreak in london in 1854

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4
Q

William Budd, 1811-1880

A

used epidemiology to prove cholera came from contaminated water source in Bristol

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5
Q

germ theory

A

replaced Miasma theory

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6
Q

thucydides

A

460-400 BC - disease spread from person to person by “seeds”

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7
Q

Louis Pasteur

A

discredited spontaneous generation

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8
Q

Robert Koch

A

isolated anthrax

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9
Q

Nils Finsen, 1860-1904

A

used UV light in medicine

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10
Q

Wilhelm Rontgen

A

first to systematically study XR

used diagnostically in 1896

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11
Q

William Halstead

A

meticulous in surgery

first used sterile rubber gloves in surgery in 1890

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12
Q

When did local anesthetics become popular?

A

late 1800s

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13
Q

When and where was AT Still born?

A

August 6, 1828 in Lee County, Virginia

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14
Q

AT Still parents’ names? What did they do? When did they move and where?

A

Abram - Methodist Circuit Rider and Physician
Martha - uneducated, but wanted better for children
1830s to Missouri

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15
Q

How did AT Still learn medicine?

A

apprenticeship with little formal class time

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16
Q

What were some examples of medicine when AT Still started?

A

alcohol, morphine, mercury, bleeding

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17
Q

What did AT Still do in 1839?

A

made a rope swing to treat headaches

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18
Q

When did AT Still marry Mary Margaret Vaughn?

A

1849

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19
Q

What did AT Still do in 1850?

A

took over mission in Eudora, KS

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20
Q

What did AT Still do in 1855?

A

studied anatomy in Indian cadavers after a cholera epidemic (with tribal permission)

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21
Q

What did AT Still do in 1857?

A

elected to Kansas Legislature and was active in anti-slavery movement

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22
Q

When did Margaret die leaving AT Still with 3 children?

A

1859

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23
Q

What did AT Still do in 1860?

A

marry Mary Elvira Turner

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24
Q

What did AT Still do 1861-1864?

A

fought in Civil War (union) with the highest rank of Major

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25
Q

What did AT Still do in 1864?

A

Battle of Westport

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26
Q

What happened in Still’s personal life in 1864 causing him to return home and think about medicine?

A

3 of his children died from spinal meningitis and another died from pneumonia 1 month later

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27
Q

10 AM June 22, 1874

A

“AT Still flung the banner of osteopathy to the breeze”

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28
Q

When did AT Still present his new ideas to Baker University?

A

1874

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29
Q

When was AT Still “read out” of the Methodist church?

A

1874

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30
Q

When was the first recorded Osteopathic Treatment and where?

A

1874 in Macon, MO

31
Q

What did AT Still do in 1875?

A

moved his family to Kirksville, MO and works as a traveling physician

32
Q

What did AT Still do in 1885?

A

coins the term “osteopathy”

33
Q

When did the American School of Osteopathy open? How many men and women in the class?

A

1892, 17 men and 5 women

34
Q

What happened in 1900?

A

700 students with 18 faculty. largest school of healing arts in the country. 12 or more sister schools started by graduates.

35
Q

What happened in 1897?

A

Autobiography of AT Still is published

36
Q

What was published in 1899?

A

Philosophy of Osteopathy

37
Q

What was published in 1910?

A

Research and Practice

38
Q

When did Mary Elvira Still die?

A

1910

39
Q

When did AT Still, MD, DO die?

A

1917

40
Q

What are the four osteopathic principles?

A
  1. the body is a unit; the person is a unit of body, mind, and spirit
  2. the body is capable of self regulation, self healing, and health maintenance
  3. structure and function are reciprocally interrelated
  4. rational treatment is based on an understanding of the basic principles of body unity, self regulation, and the interrelationship of structure and function
41
Q

What state first legally licensed DOs? When? Second state?

A

Vermont, 1896

North Dakota

42
Q

When did Missouri grand DOs licensure?

A

1897

43
Q

When did the AAAO become the American Osteopathic Association?

A

1901

44
Q

When was the American Association for Advancement of Osteopathy (AAAO) founded?

A

1897

45
Q

Dr. Abraham Flexner, 1910

A

traveled to all medical schools in US with harsh criticism of MD and DO. Encouraged clinical rotations. Many schools closed or merged. 8 DO schools remained. State licensing boards began enforcing stricter requirements.

46
Q

When did Osteopathy become a 4 year curriculum?

A

1915

47
Q

What happened in 1916 with regards to DO schools?

A

AOA revoked ban on teaching pharmacology

48
Q

When was Kansas City College of Osteopathy and Surgery established? by who?

A

1916

AA Kaiser, DO and George Conley, DO

49
Q

What happened 1917-1918?

A

Influenza pandemic
30 million died worldwide in 6 months
50-100 million died 1918-1920
500 million people infected

50
Q

What happened in 1922?

A

AMA declared it unethical for MDs to associate with DOs and labeled them a cult

51
Q

What school was formed in 1926?

A

Kirksville College of Osteopathy and Surgery by merging ASO and AT Still College of Osteopathy and Surgery

52
Q

What happened in 1929?

A

AOA allows teaching of pharmacology under “comparative therapuetics”

53
Q

When was the first inspection and approval of osteopathic hospitals for internships?

A

1936 - 18 hospitals with 81 programs

54
Q

When was the low point in enrollment?

A

1945

55
Q

When were osteopathic residencies approved?

A

1947

56
Q

What was the Cline Committee?

A

In 1955 AMA inspected osteopathic colleges. medical education is comparable, but the facilities were inadequate. Recommends removal of “cult” label.

57
Q

When did AMA policy change to allow and encourage DOs to enter AMA approved internships and residencies?

A

1964

58
Q

What was the California incident?

A

In 1961 a California public referendum prohibited the granting of licenses to DOs in the state. DOs who agreed to change were able to obtain an MD degree by attending 12 saturday classes and paying $65. 85% of practicing DOs traded for MD degrees, but not recognized outside CA. Resumed DO licensing in 1974.

59
Q

What was the last state to grant DO license?

A

Mississippi in 1973

60
Q

When did KCCOS change the name to University of Health Sciences College of Osteopathic Medicine?

A

1980

61
Q

How many osteopathic medical schools and locations are there today?

A

33, 48

62
Q

When did congress legalize DOs to serve in civil service and armed forces?

A

1957

63
Q

Harry J Walter

A

first commissioned DO into the armed forces

64
Q

When was the Association of Military Osteopathic Physicians and Surgeons (AMOPS) formed?

A

1977

65
Q

Rear Admiral Louis H Eske DO

A

first flag officer in the medical corps of military service

66
Q

Lieutenant General Ronald R Blank DO

A

1996-2000 past surgeon general of Army

67
Q

Jeanette Bolles DO

A

first woman to receive the DO degree

vice president of AAAO

68
Q

When was Osteopathic Women’s National Association (OWNA) founded?

A

1920s

69
Q

Louisa Burns, 1870-1958

A

teacher from indiana that had spinal meningitis
treated successfully with osteopathy
published several books
worked in histology and postulated the connective tissue model for somatic dysfunction

70
Q

Mamie Johnston, 1889-1986

A

first graduate from KCCOS in 1917
medical curriculum changed to 4 years, so she went back to complete another year
1919 joined KCU faculty
retired in 1918

71
Q

Barbara Ross-Lee

A

fist female dean of a medical college - Ohio University Herritage College of Osteopathic Medicine
first osteopathic physician to win Robert Wood Johnson Health Policy Fellowship
2001 CP of NY Institute of Technology Health Sciences and Medical Affairs
2002 Dean of New York College of Osteopathic Medicine

72
Q

When was the National Osteopathic Women Physicians Association established?

A

1988

73
Q

Marcelino Oliva, 1935-2011

A

cuban born graduate of KCU
President of Florida Osteopathic Medical association
First minority AOA president 1988-1989

74
Q

William G Anderson

A

associate dean of AT Still University
big in the civil rights movement
AOA president 1994-1995
board of trustees for 20 years

OS1 Exam 1 (8 decks)

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