History of Pharmacy Flashcards
(95 cards)
1
Q
the one who wrote De Materia Medica
A
Pedanius Dioscorides
2
Q
- the daughter of Germanic petty nobility who became nun at the age of 14
- urged proper diet and exercise as means of practical therapy
A
Hildegard of Bingen (St. Hildegard) 1098-1179
3
Q
Wrote “Liber Compositae Medicinae I and 2” (2 important Medico-Pharmacological Works) and Physica- 1st treatise of physical universe
A
Hildegard of Bingen (St. Hildegard) 1098-1179
4
Q
Believed that epilepsy (nervous disorder characterized by sudden loss of consciousness and sometimes convulsion) could be cured by placing emerald in the patient’s mouth
A
Hildegard of Bingen (St. Hildegard) 1098-1179
5
Q
- a noted teacher at the University of Paris
- called the Doctor Universallis for extensive knowledge in Astronomy, Geology, Zoology and Botany
- first to use the word Amalgam in describing the combination of Mercury with another metal
A
Dominican Albertus Magnus (193 1280)
6
Q
the science of reasoning
A
Philosophy
7
Q
the science of heavenly bodies
A
Astronomy
8
Q
the science that describes the surface of earth
A
Geography
9
Q
the study of animals
A
Zoology
10
Q
division of biology dealing with plants
A
Botany
11
Q
- the only physician Pope who became Pope John 21st recommended a remedy called Aquae mirabilis (fillings of gold, silver and copper suspended in a urine of a boy which could cure almost all diseases externally and internally)
- he installed an Alchemical Laboratory in Vatican
A
Petrus Hispanus
12
Q
provided the herbalist with a decoction for purging (induce evacuation of the bowel, hot tumors, and for shaking and trembling of the heart
A
The Juice of the Rose
13
Q
once pounded and mixed with honey is an antidote (an agent counteract the effect of the poison), and for the ulcers of the head and scalp it could be boiled with vinegar and applied to warts and corns
A
The Root of the Lily
14
Q
-wrote Thesaurus Pauperum (Treasury of the Poor) a renowned formulary designed for self-treatment
A
Brun Schwyak
15
Q
-wrote Rosa Anglica. Some of the remedies he cited were: - Swine excrement (feces) for hemorrhage
- Bladder of the Goat Extracted while Full of Urine and Baked in an Oven - for epilepsy
A
John Gaddesden
16
Q
-Roman emperor who issued an edict/public ordinance in 1240 which is known to be the MAGNA CARTA OF PHARMACY PROFESSION - a fundamental constitution that secure civil right
A
Frederick II
17
Q
The Three Regulations of the Edict Created Pharmacy as an Independent Branch of a Governmentally Supervised Health Service and Universally Applied:
A
- Separation of the Pharmaceutical profession from the Medical profession
- Official supervision of pharmaceutical practice
- Compulsory use of a prescribed formulary according to which medicaments must be prepared
18
Q
The 2 Sections of the Law that did not Find General Application were:
A
I. The Limitation of the Number of Pharmacies
- Governmentally fixed prices for remedies
19
Q
- published a book in the early 15th century entitled Compendium for Pharmacist, in which he outlined the duties and obligations of a Pharmacist
- He said the Pharmacist must know Latin to understand Pharmaceutical literature and physician’s prescription
A
Saladin Di Ascoli
20
Q
He warned Pharmacists not to indulge themselves against unethical acts such as:
a. dispensing abortifacients
b. selling poisons knowingly for harm
c. ingredients that would be detrimental to the patient; or
d. making other changes in a prescribed medication without the patient’s consent
A
Saladin Di Ascoli
21
Q
- Luther of Medicine/Iconoclast
- His real name was Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim
A
Paracelsus
22
Q
▸ He was able to enriched Pharmacy by his endeavor to extract the essential or inert substance which lead him to prepare alcoholic tinctures, extracts and essences and quintessence’s/most essential products
A
Paracelsus
23
Q
Modern professional societies opened schools of Pharmacy and encouraged every institution to imposed higher learning.
A
Paracelsus
24
Q
At first, one is allowed to practice pharmacy through prolonged apprenticeship of four to eight years until 1725.
A
Paracelsus
25
He made a study of drugs and study of their effects which lead to the introduction of metals and chemicals into internal therapy
Paracelsus
26
Obligatory Examinations were given in _______.
Prussia
27
known as the Cradle of European professional pharmacy
Italy
28
1. The first professional European apothecary shop
2. The first post antique antidotary
3. The first pharmacopeia (Ricettaria Florentino)
4. The first botanical garden
The European World is Indebted to Italy for the following
29
the first pharmacopeia
Ricettaria Florentino
30
Before the coming of the Spaniards in the Philippines in ____, health problems have been remedied in the same way as what we have today.
1521
31
But when the Spaniards came, three groups of natives working for the sick was recognized:
▸ The Mediquillos (Medicos)
▸ The Curanderos (Curers)
▸ The Herbolarious (Curers using Herbs)
32
Most of the sick in town and barrios were attended to by the local "physician-pharmacist,":
mediquillos and curanderos
33
Few doctors and pharmacists who came to the Philippines to practice their profession.
Facultivos
34
Due to the malpractice of the natives, G________ F________ A_____ d____ T____, officially gave recognition to the Facultivos to treat natives in 1843
Governor Francisco Alcala dela Torre
35
Due to the malpractice of the natives, Governor Francisco Alcala dela Torre, officially gave recognition to the Facultivos to treat natives in ____
1843
36
Unqualified people are allowed by the government to open boutiques to serve and dispense simple medicines, but not to?
compound prescriptions
37
When did the the first educational Institution of Pharmacy was founded in the Philippines?
1871
38
By virtue of practical training and after passing the Examination, what did the government granted licenses to applicants?
Farmaceutico de Segunda Clase
39
When did the University of Santo Tomas (UST) offered the course Pharmacy and licentiate in Pharmacy?
May 28, 1871
40
University of Santo Tomas (UST) offered the course Pharmacy and licentiate in Pharmacy. There were six (6) pioneers, five of whom are?
Spaniards
41
- the first Filipino to study Pharmacy
▸ a dispensing Pharmacist and Botanist, Educator and Leader
▸ Father of Philippine Pharmacy and Botany
Don León María Guerrero y Leogardo
42
another Pharmacy graduate who stands out most prominently in experimental chemical work
Don Anacleto del Rosario y Sales
43
The establishment of the School for Pharmacy was not enough for the needs of the people and so to remedy the situation, UST opened what school in 1879?
Escuela de Practicantes de Medicina y Farmacia
44
The course consists of ____ semesters after which the student had to undergo a general examination
four (4)
45
So while the ____________ exists, the Mediquillos and Herbolarios were not allowed to practice
Practicantes
46
Two Groups Of Foreign Pharmacists Who Applied For The Admission To Practice Pharmacy In The Philippines:
Peninsularies and The Germans
47
the Spanish Pharmacist because Spain is located in the Peninsula
Peninsularies
48
controlled the local sales of chemicals, medicines, dyes, laboratory equipment which were manufactured in Hamburg (2nd largest city in Germany)
The Germans
49
Two Hospitals That Were Built by the Franciscan in 1577:
▸ Hospital de San Juan de Dios
▸ Hospital de San Lazaro
50
- he wrote a book entitles Medicinas Caseras
Father Fernando de Santa Maria
51
- authored Flora de Filipinas
Father Manuel Blanco
52
- a Franciscan who was the first to write a record of his findings on plants
Father Blas dela Madre de Dios
53
1st laboratory established in 1818
Hizon Laboratory
54
1st drugstore established in the Philippines owned by Dr. Lorenzo Negrau (Spanish Physician-Pharmacist). He established it in Escolta Manila 1830
Botica Boie
55
Three Legendary Figures Supposed to have Lined between 3000 and 2200 BC and were Regarded as the Founders of Regarded as the Founders of Chinese Medicines:
> Fu Shi
>Shen Nung
>Huang Tsi
56
‣ - He is referred to as the preparer of narcotic wine and first to use the feeling of pulse as a means of diagnosis
‣ first Chinese physician of whom a historical record exist
Pen Chao (5th century BC)
57
Normal Pulse Rate:
Male - 72 bpm
Female - 80 bpm
Children - 100 bpm
58
▸ Hippocrates of China because he made essays on typhoid fever and other fevers
▸ He made 222 essays on the nature of disease, 397 outlines of treatment and 113 prescriptions.
Chang Chung Ching
59
Among the prescriptions Chang Chung Ching made, he mentioned his two favorite drugs:
▸ Cinnamomum cassia (cinnamon)
▸ Bupleurum falcatum
60
• Born about 190 AD, contemporary of Chang Chung Ching and famous surgeon
• He introduced the use of anesthesia and the pioneer of hydrotherapy (the scientific use of water in the treatment of disease)
Hua To
61
The following drugs are supposed to have been used by Hua To and his followers as anesthetics:
1. Datura metel
2. Rhododendron sinense
3. Jasmimum sambae
4. Various species of Aconite
62
the dried leaves when smoked are useful in asthma
Datura metel (talumpanay)
63
Rhododendron sinense (lopong) is from?
from Bontoc, Mt. Province
64
Jasmimum sambae's common name
sampaguita
65
Various species of Aconite (vegetable poison) is a?
sedative
66
He wrote Thousand Golden Remedies which for many centuries became the practical guide of Chinese physicians
Sun Ssu-moh
67
Edited pharmacopeia that embodies the teachings of history about vegetable, mineral and animal medicaments, compiled by Li Shen Chen
Pen Tsao Kang Mu-an
68
His work consists of 52 volumes and includes 1074 plants, 443 animal substances with a total of 11,091 prescriptions
Pen Tsao Kang Mu-an
69
(science of life) is a classic Indian literature which contains about their earliest medicine and pharmacy especially those parts belonging to physicians Charaka and Susruta
Ayurvedas
70
▸ His book was compiled about 200 AD while that of Susruta vary between 500 BC and 500 AD.
▸ He subdidivided his material medica in 37 parts, according to the disease which the remedies combat.
Charaka
71
Among the more than 700 vegetable drugs mentioned by Charaka were:
1. Aconite
2. Aloes
3. Calamus
4. Cannabis (Indian Hemp, Marijuana, Pot, Hashish)
5. Cassia fistula
‣ 6. Castor Oil
‣ 7. Mineral drugs:
a. Alum/Tawas
b. Arsenic acids
c. Borax
d. Cinnabaris quicksilver
e. Zinc Oxide
‣ 8. Animal Drugs:
▸ a. Cantharides (Spanish Flies)
b. Flesh of Vipers
72
▸ contains an active principle, alpha 9 (49) tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) which exhibits euphoric and sedative activity. It is more potent when smoked than when taken orally.
Cannabis
73
sedative (hypnotic/sleep inducing substance)
Aconite
74
for burns
Aloes
75
from the pestillate flower of Cannabis sativa
Cannabis (Indian Hemp, Marijuana, Pot, Hashish)
76
used as laxative, malaria, purgative and for rheumatism
Cassia fistula
77
used as a cathartic. Active principle is ricin
Castor oil
78
Mineral drugs:
▸a. Alum/Tawas - used as antiseptic
‣ b. Arsenic acids
c. Borax - Sodium Tetraborate
▸ d. Cinnabaris quicksilver - Artificial Red Mercuric Sulfide
▸e. Zinc Oxide
79
Animal Drugs
▸ a. Cantharides (Spanish Flies) - counterirritant and formerly aphrodisiac (excite sexual desire)
‣ b. Flesh of Vipers (venomous snake in Europe) - including its fats and excrements
80
Patron Saint of Pharmacy
Damian
81
Patron Saint of Medicine
Cosmas
82
Patron Saint of the Sick
Camillus
83
Although Babylonia and Assyria are one in their racial elements and cultural concepts, they have different?
languages
84
Who translated Babylonians and Assyrians' language into one, and when?
On 1844, Dane Westergard translated their language into one.
85
▸ - wrote a very comprehensive Materia Medica containing Assyrian Thearapeutics.
▸ He identified 250 vegetable drugs and 120 mineral drugs.
R. Campbell Thompson
86
He also found out that alcoholic beverages, fats and oils (laxative), parts and organs of animals, honey, wax and various milks were being used medicinally
R. Campbell Thompson
87
________ played a part in the Babylonian-Assyrian therapy which they believed to disgust the evil spirit who had invaded the body of the patient
Excrement
88
The Babylonian-Assyrian gods' way of healing is thru ___________ mentioning the words Ea and Gula.
incantation
89
The Babylonian-Assyrian gods' way of healing is thru incantation mentioning the words __ and ____.
Ea and Gula
90
Babylonian-Assyrian medical god is called?
Ninazu (lord of Physicians) and his son Ningischzida (messenger of the gods)
91
What is the most important contribution of Ancient Babylon to human culture which is the basis for the weights and measures of later times and people?
the invention of a system of weights and measures
92
A science that deals with the phenomena and causes of immunity and immune responses (to resist a particular disease thru preventing development of disease producing organism)
Immunology
93
Study of bacteria
Bacteriology
94
English Physician who outlined the idea of artificial induced immunity against contagious diseases
Edward Jenner
95
Edward Jenner introduced, in 1798, the ________ ______, which he had found to be a reliable prophylactic against small pox (serious infectious, viral disease characterized with fever, pain, vomiting and eruption of red spots which later become blister and afterwards filled with pus).
harmless cowpox
