History of Planning

Question 1

In 1867, __________ passed the first land use zoning restrictions on the location of noxious uses.

Answer 1

San Francisco

Question 2

In 1903, ___________ created the first local civic center plan in the U.S. ___________, ___________, and ___________ were responsible for the plan’s development.

Answer 2

Cleveland, Daniel Burnham, John Carrere, and Arnold Brunner

Question 3

In 1906, ___________ was the first major American city to apply City Beautiful principles, using a plan developed by __________.

Answer 3

San Francisco, Daniel Burnham

Question 4

In 1907, the first town planning board was created in _____________.

Answer 4

Hartford, CT

Question 5

In 1909, ___________ created the first metropolitan regional plan for ______________.

Answer 5

Daniel Burnham, Chicago

Question 6

_____________ was the first city to use land use zoning to guide development.

Answer 6

Los Angeles, CA

Question 7

In 1914, _________________ hired the first full-time employee for a city planning commission, Harland Bartholomew. Bartholomew went on to become one of the most famous planning consultants.

Answer 7

Newark, NJ

Question 8

In 1916, New York City adopted the first comprehensive zoning code, written by ____________.

Answer 8

Edward Bassett

Question 9

In 1922, _______________ formed the first regional planning commission.

Answer 9

Los Angeles County

Question 10

In 1924, _____________________ of the U.S. Department of Commerce issued the Standard State Zoning Enabling Act.

Answer 10

Secretary Herbert Hoover

Question 11

In 1925, the _______________ was the first major U.S. city to adopt a comprehensive plan, produced by Alfred Bettman and Ladislas Segoe.

Answer 11

City of Cincinnati

Question 12

Developed the Cincinnati Plan 1925. First comp plan ever

Answer 12

Alfred Bettman and Ladislas Segoe

Question 13

In 1928, the ______________, under Secretary Herbert Hoover, released the Standard City Planning Enabling Act.

Answer 13

U.S. Department of Commerce

Question 14

In 1933, the first U.S. National Planning Board was created. It was later renamed the _____________ and then abolished in 1943.

Answer 14

National Resources Planning Board

Question 15

In 1934, the first federally supported public housing was constructed in __________, although the first to be occupied was located in __________.

Answer 15

Cleveland, Atlanta

Question 16

In 1961, ____________ was the first state to introduce statewide zoning, which was later amended in 1978.

Answer 16

Hawaii

Question 17

This book resulted in housing reform in New York City

Answer 17

How the Other Half Lives by Jacob Riis

Question 18

This book initiated the Garden City movement

Answer 18

Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform by Ebenezer Howard

Question 19

This book was adopted as a textbook for eighth graders in Chicago

Answer 19

Wacker’s Manual of the Plan of Chicago by Walter Moody

Question 20

This book was the first major textbook on city planning

Answer 20

Carrying Out the City Plan by Flavel Shurtleff

Question 21

Author of Planning of the Modern City

Answer 21

Nelson Lewis

Question 21

This book centers on regional planning, and Geddes is known as the “father of regional planning.”

Answer 21

Cities in Evolution by Patrick Geddes

Question 22

This book was the first in the Green Book Series produced by the International City/County Management Association.

Answer 22

Local Planning Administration by Ladislas Segoe

Question 23

This book became a common textbook on land use planning.

Answer 23

Urban Land Use Planning by F. Stuart Chapin

Question 24

This book defines basic concepts within the city, such as edges and nodes.

Answer 24

Image of the City by Kevin Lynch

Question 25

This book provided a critical look at planners and planning, with a special focus on the mistakes of urban renewal

Answer 25

The Death and Life of Great American Cities by Jane Jacobs

Question 26

This book focuses on the negative effects of pesticides on the environment.

Answer 26

Silent Spring by Rachel Carson

Question 27

Author of Urban General Plan

Answer 27

T.J. Kent

Question 28

This is a seminal book on historic preservation.

Answer 28

With Heritage So Rich edited by Alfred Reins

Question 29

This book focuses on conservation design using an overlay technique that was later the basis of GIS.

Answer 29

Design with Nature by Ian McHarg

Question 30

This book promotes the use of environmental psychology and sociology in urban design.

Answer 30

The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces by William Whyte

Question 31

Created the NY Housing Authority and published The City is the Frontier

Answer 31

Charles Abrams

Question 32

a book that was highly critical of U.S. federal policies surrounding slum clearance, urban renewal, and public housing.

Answer 32

The City is the Frontier

Question 33

An important planner during the Garden City movement. He was Secretary of the Garden City Association.

Answer 33

Thomas Adams

Question 34

The first manager of Letchworth.

Answer 34

Thomas Adams

Question 35

He developed several garden suburbs in England and later went on to teach planning at MIT and Harvard.

Answer 35

Thomas Adams

Question 36

This person was an advocate of community organizing

Answer 36

Saul Alinsky

Question 37

This book encouraged those who were poor to become involved in American democracy

Answer 37

Reveille for Radicals by Saul Alinsky

Question 38

This person provided 13 rules for community organizing

Answer 38

Saul Alinsky

Question 39

This person wrote "A Ladder of Citizen Participation" for the Journal of the American Planning Association in 1969. This article describes the levels of involvement by citizens depending on the form of participation utilized.

Answer 39

Sherry Arnstein

Question 40

This person was responsible for many of the nation's most important parks including Central and Prospect Parks in New York City, Niagra Reservation, and university campus landscapes.

Answer 40

Frederick Law Olmsted, Sr.

Question 41

This person was the father of landscape architecture

Answer 41

Frederick Law Olmsted, Sr.

Question 42

prominent proponent of the City Beautiful movement

Answer 42

Daniel Burnham

Question 43

"Make no little plans. They have no fire to stir men's blood."

Answer 43

Daniel Burnham

Question 44

Created the first comprehensive plan in Florida, contributing to the park system in Madison, Wisconsin and designing Venice, Florida.

Answer 44

John Nolen

Question 45

developed the neighborhood unit concept which was implemented in Radburn, NJ.

Answer 45

Clarence Perry

Question 46

He was a key contributor to the 1929 Regional Survey of New York and its Environs.

Answer 46

Clarence Perry

Question 47

architect responsible for designing Arcosanti, an experimental utopian city in Arizona focused on minimizing the impact of development on the natural environment.

Answer 47

Paolo Soleri

Question 48

designed Sunnyside Gardens (Queens, NY) designed Radburn, NJ proponent of Garden City movement

Answer 48

Clarence Stein

Question 49

This person wrote New Town for America

Answer 49

Clarence Stein

Question 50

Head of Resettlement Administration during the New Deal

Answer 50

Rexford Tugwell

Question 51

He was closely involved in the development of Arthurdale, West Virginia (a Resettlement Administration community) He later served on the New York City Planning Commission and served as governor of Puerto Rico

Answer 51

Rexford Tugwell

Question 52

English town planner and designer of Letchworth

Answer 52

Sir Raymond Unwin

Question 53

Author of Town Planning in Practice

Answer 53

Sir Raymond Unwin

Question 54

Founder of American housing policy. She served as executive secretary of the Regional Planning Association of America.

Answer 54

Catherine Bauer Wurster

Question 55

She wrote Modern Housing and was influential in the passage of the Housing Act of 1937.

Answer 55

Catherine Bauer Wurster

Question 56

This movement took place during the late 1800s to early 1900s They believed in creating ______ _______ would inspire residents to lead virtuous lives Resulted in civic centers

Answer 56

City Beautiful movement

Question 57

Examples of Beautiful cities

Answer 57

White City, Chicago, IL McMillan Plan, Washington, DC

Question 58

A _________ ________ was intended to bring about economic and social reform. Land ownership would be held by a corporation.

Answer 58

Garden City

Question 59

This movement was described by Ebenezer Howard in 1898

Answer 59

Garden City movement

Question 60

What movement was a reaction against the City Beautiful movement?

Answer 60

City Efficient / City Scientific

Question 61

What was City Efficient / City Scientific focused on?

Answer 61

function and efficiency, not beauty

Question 62

What movement arose in the 1930s after the Great Depression?

Answer 62

City Humane, focused on jobs and housing

Question 63

The Greenbelt Towns Program established these 3 cities

Answer 63

Greendale, Wisconsin Greenhills, Ohio Greenbelt, Maryland

Question 64

The New Towns Act was passed around what time?

Answer 64

After World War II

Question 65

This movement occurred in the 1940s and coincided with the growth of the military and post-war industrialization, emphasizing administrative efficiency

Answer 65

City Functional Movement

Question 66

What provided for the rectangular land survey of the Old Northwest? This survey was completed following the end of the Revolutionary War and provided a systematic way to divide and distribute land to the public.

Answer 66

The Land Ordinance of 1785

Question 67

This act provided 160 acres of land to settlers for a fee of $18 and a guarantee of five years of residence. The result was the settlement of 270 million acres or 10% of the land area of the United States.

Answer 67

Homestead Act

Question 68

allowed new western states to establish colleges.

Answer 68

Morrill Act

Question 69

This Act provided the President of the United States with the power to create forest preserves by proclamation.

Answer 69

General Land Law Revision Act

Question 70

allowed the Secretary of the Interior to manage forest preserves.

Answer 70

Forest Management Act

Question 71

allowed the funds raised from the sale of public land in arid states to be used to construct water storage and irrigation systems.

Answer 71

U.S. Reclamation Act

Question 72

this entity proposes rules for land development and management

Answer 72

Public Lands Commission

Question 73

the first law to provide federal protection for archaeological sites. The Act allowed for the designation of National Monuments.

Answer 73

Antiquities Act

Question 74

commonly known as the GI Bill guaranteed home loans to veterans, resulting in rapid suburbs development

Answer 74

Servicemen's Readjustment Act

Question 75

Why was the City Beautiful movement critized?

Answer 75

for failing to address issues like housing, poverty, and transportation efficiency. It did not foresee the looming impact of the automobile.

Question 76

Where was the first comprehensive plan developed?

Answer 76

Cincinnati

Question 77

This plan focused on suburban development, highway construction, and suburban recreational facilities. Stein and Mumford were involved in the creation of the plan.

Answer 77

Regional Plan for New York and Environs

Question 78

This Act required cities to develop comprehensive plans and provided funding for planning

Answer 78

US Housing Act of 1954

Question 79

When did comprehensive plans shift to more of a social focus? The emphasis moved to concerns of equity, neighborhood preservation, affordable housing, environmental protection, and historic preservation.

Answer 79

1970s and 1980s

Question 80

When did state begin introducing comprehensive planning?

Answer 80

1970s

Question 81

Ebenezer Howard's 3 garden cities

Answer 81

1. Letchworth 2. Welwyn Garden City 3. Wythenshawe