History Of Psychology

Question 1

The end of the 19th century marks the start of as a scientific enterprise.

Answer 1

Psychology

Question 2

The year 1879 is commonly seen as the start of psychology as an independent field of study, because in that year founded the first laboratory dedicated exclusively to psychological research (in Leipzig).

Answer 2

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 3

Influence has been enormous, though more as cultural icon than a force in (scientific) psychology.

Answer 3

Freud’s

Question 4

Freud‘s basic theories postulated the existence in human of….

Answer 4

Various of unconscious and instinctive “drives” and that the “self”

Question 5

What is “drives”?

Answer 5

Self

Question 6

Century saw a rejection of Freud’s theories as being too unscientific, and a reaction against Edward Titchener’s abstract approach to the mind.

Answer 6

20th

Question 7

This led to the formulation of by John B. Watson.

Answer 7

Behaviorism

Question 8

Scientific knowledge of the “mind” was considered too, hence impossible to achieve.

Answer 8

Metaphysical

Question 9

The final decades of the 20th century have seen the rise of a new interdisciplinary approach to studying, known collectively as cognitive science.

Answer 9

Human Psychology

Question 10

Cognitive science again considers the “mind” as a subject for investigation using the tools of, linguistics, computer science, philosophy, and neurobiology.

Answer 10

Evolutionary Psychology

Question 11

The Ebers papyrus (ca 1550 BC) contains a short description of

Answer 11

Clinical Depression

Question 12

The German scholastic philosopher Rudolph Goclenius was the first to use the term psychology in…. (YEAR)

Answer 12

1590

Question 13

The root of the word psychology (psyche) means….

Answer 13

Soal or Spirit

Question 14

Important and enduring beliefs or ideals shared by the members of a culture about what is good or desirable and what is not.

Answer 14

Values

Question 15

Exert major influence on the behaviour of an individual and serve as broad guidelines in all situations.

Answer 15

Values

Question 16

Values are representations of desirable

Answer 16

Cognitive

Question 17

What we believe we ought to do

Answer 17

Values

Question 18

What we naturally tend to do

Answer 18

Personality

Question 19

Traits do not conflict with one another

Answer 19

Personality

Question 20

Do conflict

Answer 20

Values

Question 21

Explore the relation between values and common behaviours

Answer 21

Value Expressive Behaviour

Question 22

Which expresses motivational goals and normative pressures, and in turn affects our social perceptions, interactions and choices.

Answer 22

Behaviour

Question 23

Traits can be seen to interact in a way which makes sense.

Answer 23

Values and Personality

Question 24

Can be seen to contribute to values held it effects social choices, which can lead to value development

Answer 24

Trait Openness

Question 25

Have a role in a goal accomplishment

Answer 25

Values and Traits

Question 26

Can be seen to interact

Answer 26

Values and Behaviour

Question 27

3 Openness Change

Answer 27

Self Direction Stimulation Hedonism

Question 28

2 Self Enhancement

Answer 28

Achievement Power

Question 29

2 Self Transcendence

Answer 29

Universalism Ben evolence

Question 30

3 Conversation

Answer 30

Conformity Tradition Security

Question 31

2 Types of Motivation

Answer 31

Internal -(loob) want to do it External

Question 32

2 types of Relationship

Answer 32

Intrapersonal - relationship with our self Interpersonal - relationship with others

Question 33

What is home?

Answer 33

Family

Question 34

What is house?

Answer 34

Structure

Question 35

2 types of Values

Answer 35

Positive and Negative

Question 36

You must retrieve the information from your memory. Fill in the blank or essay tests.

Answer 36

Recall

Question 37

You must identify the target from possible targets. Multiple choice tests.

Answer 37

Recognition

Question 38

Is a theory of learning that explains how stimuli that enter our memory systems are selected and organized for storage and retrieved from memory

Answer 38

Information Processing

Question 39

The processing of information into the memory system.

Answer 39

Encoding

Question 40

The retention of encoded material over time.

Answer 40

Storage

Question 41

The process of getting the information out of memory storage

Answer 41

Retrieval

Question 42

Is the initial processing that transforms these incoming stimuli into information so we can make sense of them.

Answer 42

Sensory Memory

Question 43

Refers only to the temporary storage of information in memory.

Answer 43

Short Term Memory

Question 44

A permanent information store

Answer 44

Long Term Memory

Question 45

worked for several decades on understanding children’s cognitive development

Answer 45

Swiss Psychology

Question 46

Most widely known theory of cognitive development

Answer 46

Piaget

Question 47

Assumption that learning is an active process of construction rather than a passive assimilation of information or rote memorization.

Answer 47

Constructivism

Question 48

Best known for idea that individuals _____ their understanding, that learning is a _____ process

Answer 48

Construct and constructive

Question 49

Believe ____ learning is constructed, whether it is something we are taught or something we learn on our own.

Answer 49

All

Question 50

2 mains states....

Answer 50

Equilibrium and Disequilibrium

Question 51

Assimilation and accommodation - We adjust our ideas to make sense of reality

Answer 51

Equilibration

Question 52

Process of matching external reality to an existing cognitive structure.

Answer 52

Assimilation

Question 53

When there’s an inconsistency between the learner’s cognitive structure and the thing being learned the child will reorganize her thoughts.

Answer 53

Accommodation

Question 54

Piaget's Four Stages

Answer 54

Sensory Motor (birth - 2 years) Preoperational (2-7) Concrete Operational (7-11) Formal Operations (12-15)

Question 55

Birth to about 2 years, rapid change is seen throughout

Answer 55

Sensorimotor Stage

Question 56

Happens one stage to another through interaction with the environment

Answer 56

Development

Question 57

From stage to stage may occur abruptly and kids will differ in how long they are in each stage.

Answer 57

Changes

Question 58

Development can only happen after genetically controlled biological growth occurs

Answer 58

Cognitive

Question 59

Development leads to _____

Answer 59

Learning

Question 60

Virtue of Hope

Answer 60

Trust Vs Mistrust

Question 61

Virtue of will

Answer 61

Autonomy Vs Shame and Doubt

Question 62

Virtue of purpose

Answer 62

Initiative Vs Guilt

Question 63

Virtue of competence

Answer 63

Industry Vs Inferiority

Question 64

Virtue of fidelity

Answer 64

Identity Vs Role Confusion

Question 65

Virtue of love

Answer 65

Intimacy Vs Isolation

Question 66

Virtue of care

Answer 66

Generativity Vs Stagnation

Question 67

Virtue of wisdom

Answer 67

Ego Integrity Vs Despair

Question 68

TRUE OR FALSE The mind is so powerful

Answer 68

True

Question 69

TRUE OR FALSE Personality and values are related to each other

Answer 69

True

Question 70

TRUE OR FALSE Values influence our behavior

Answer 70

True

Question 71

TRUE OF FALSE Values only refer to the standard of judgement

Answer 71

False

Question 72

TRUE OF FALSE There are two types of motivation

Answer 72

True

Question 73

TRUE OF FALSE Personality is the natural acts and actions of a person.

Answer 73

True

Question 74

TRUE OF FALSE Openness to change stimulates our self direction.

Answer 74

True

Question 75

TRUE OF FALSE Self enhancement gives us conflict

Answer 75

False

Question 76

TRUE OF FALSE Openness affects our socialization

Answer 76

True

Question 77

TRUE OF FALSE The behavior does not affect the motivational goals of a person

Answer 77

False

Question 78

The social learning theory proposed by.... Has become perhaps the most influential theory of learning and development.

Answer 78

Albert Bandura

Question 79

Believed that direct reinforcement could not account for all types of learning.

Answer 79

Bandura

Question 80

His theory added a social element, arguing that people can learn new information and behaviors by watching other people.

Answer 80

Social Learning Theory

Question 81

Known as observational learning (or modeling), this type of learning can be used to explain a wide variety of behaviors.

Answer 81

Social Learning Theory

Question 82

People learn through observing others’ behavior, attitudes, and outcomes of those behaviors.

Answer 82

Social Learning Theory

Question 83

Explains human behavior in terms of continuous reciprocal interaction between cognitive, behavioral, and environmental influences.

Answer 83

Social Learning Theory

Question 84

Posits that people learn from one another, via observation, imitation, and modeling.

Answer 84

Bandura’s Social Learning Theory

Question 85

Bandura believed in ““, that is, the world and a person’s behavior cause each other, while behaviorism essentially states that one’s environment causes one’s behavior.

Answer 85

Reciprocal determinism

Question 86

Who was studying adolescent aggression, found this too simplistic, and so in addition he suggested that behavior causes environment as well.

Answer 86

Bandura

Question 87

Bandura soon considered personality as an interaction between three components:

Answer 87

The environment Behavior One’s psychological One’s ability to entertain images in minds and language.

Question 88

Social learning theory has sometimes benn called a between behaviorist and cognitive learning theories because it encompasses attention, memory, and motivation.

Answer 88

Bridge

Question 89

Various factors increase or decrease the amount of attention paid. Includes distinctiveness, affective valence, prevalence, complexity, functional value.

Answer 89

Attention

Question 90

Remembering what you paid attention to. Includes symbolic coding, mental images, cognitive organization, symbolic rehearsal, motor rehearsal.

Answer 90

Retention

Question 91

Reproducing the image. Including physical capabilities, and self observation of reproduction.

Answer 91

Reproduction

Question 92

Having a good reason to imitate. Includes motives such as a past (i.e. traditional behaviorism), promised (imagined incentives) and vicarious (seeing and recalling the reinforced model).

Answer 92

Motivation