History of Public Health

Question 1

Skilled in:
The use of herbal medicine
The use of amulets, charms or spells that would ward off evil spirit that cause illness
Conduct ceremonies that would appease the Gods or supernatural being and revert the curse that caused illness.
Giving advice to individuals on how to maintain an ill-free life

Answer 1

Shaman/medicine man

Question 2

Established rudimentary baths and toilets in dwelling places.
Give high regard for personal cleanliness but the rationale was more religious rather than medical
They believed that deities and spirits still played a role in causing illness.

Answer 2

Ancient Egyptian:

Question 3

they slowly digressed from the perspective of the supernatural as the cause of illness and diseases into a more “rational or logical “ paradigm.
Gave birth to prominent Greek philosophers such as Aristotle, Socrates and Pythagoras.
Hippocrates- known as the father of medicine.

Answer 3

Greeks

Question 4

Father of medicine

Answer 4

Hippocrates

Question 5

He proposed that diseases develop because of our environment and not because of some form of divine act
He noted the effect of food, of occupation and even climate in causing diseases.

Answer 5

Hippocrates:

Question 6

Concept of four humors

Answer 6

Phlegm
Blood
Yellow bile
Black bile

Question 7

Humor Phlegm is associated with what season?

Answer 7

Winter, Cold & moist

Question 8

Humor Phlegm is associated with what element?

Answer 8

Water

Question 9

Humor Phlegm and its season & elements results to?

Answer 9

Phlegmatic

Question 10

Humor Black Bile is associated with what season?

Answer 10

Autumn, Cold & Dry

Question 11

Humor Black Bile is associated with what element?

Answer 11

Earth

Question 12

Humor Black Bile and its season & elements result to?

Answer 12

Melancholy

Question 13

Humor Blood is associated with what season?

Answer 13

Spring, Hot & Moist

Question 14

Humor Blood is associated with what element?

Answer 14

Air

Question 15

Humor Blood and its season & elements result to?

Answer 15

Sanguine

Question 16

Humor Yellow Bile is associated with what season?

Answer 16

Summer, Hot & Dry

Question 17

Humor Yellow Bile is associated with what element?

Answer 17

Fire

Question 18

Humor yellow bile and its season & elements result to?

Answer 18

choleric

Question 19

a Greek physician who migrated to rome, dissected monkey.
- His works became a foundation for the study of human anatomy.

Answer 19

Galen

Question 20

Development of the black plague or the bubonic plague.
Caused by bacteria yersinia pestis, transmitted through flea bites.
The outbreak started in china and through the trade routes the diseases was brought to Europe.

Answer 20

Middle ages or “dark ages”

Question 21

broadened the public’s understanding of how epidemics or infections were spread.
-He introduces the concept of “fomites

Answer 21

Girolamo fracastoro

Question 22

a vehicle carrying pathogens that could cause diseases.

Answer 22

“fomites”

Question 23

described a detailed structure of human body

Answer 23

Andreas Vesalius

Question 24

study the human circulatory system and properties of blood

Answer 24

William Harvey

Question 25

observed through a crude microscope a bacteria and other microorganisms

Answer 25

Anton van leeweenhoek

Question 26

institutionalizing a system that would record and register deaths, this form of death registration was referred to as

Answer 26

“bills of mortality”.

Question 27

Exchange of diseases between the colonizer and colonized ex: smallpox virus Explorer who comeback from the new world brought them new disease: syphilis The new world discovered quinine from south American quina-quina tree, the first medicine against malaria

Answer 27

Colonial period:

Question 28

the first medicine against malaria

Answer 28

quina-quina tree

Question 29

French surgeon, discovered parasites in the blood of patients suffering from symptoms of malaria and started to comprehend the etiology of the disease.

Answer 29

Charles louis laveran

Question 30

discover that the malarial parasites could be transmitted by mosquitoes and patient would get infected by the parasites through mosquito bites.

Answer 30

Ronald ross-

Question 31

father of immunology, discovered the vaccine against small pox virus

Answer 31

Dr. Edward jenner

Question 32

secretary of the England’s poor law commission

Answer 32

Edwin Chadwick-

Question 33

the father of epidemiology, was able to trace the source of cholera.

Answer 33

Dr. john snow-

Question 34

helped push for the professionalization of nurses.

Answer 34

Florence nightingale

Question 35

introduced the concept of public health nursing.

Answer 35

Lilian wald-

Question 36

developed the field of bacteriology.

Answer 36

Robert Koch-

Question 37

discovered killing bacteria in milk which is known as pasteurization

Answer 37

Louis Pasteur-

Question 38

developed polio vaccine

Answer 38

Jonas Salk and albert sabin-

Question 39

became the first medical school in the country.

Answer 39

University of sto.tomas

Question 40

Declaration of alma- alta on primary health care: “ health is a human right” “health for all” by thE year 2000 deplored the widening gap between developed and developing countries

Answer 40

1978:

Question 41

United nations international children’s emergency fund (unicef) came up with what is known as GOBI strategy.

Answer 41

1982:

Question 42

Emerging diseases: 5

Answer 42

Aids ( acquired immune deficiency syndrome)- 20th century Sars ( severe acute respiratory syndrome)- 2003 Swine flu- 1998 Avian flu (Ah5n1)- 1997 Ebola virus- 1976, discovered by peter piot