History of The Meat Industry

Question 1

1490s Columbus

Answer 1

Columbus brought Spanish Longhorns to the West Indies

Question 2

1539 Desoto

Answer 2

Desoto brought pigs to Florida

Question 3

1610 Lord Delaware

Answer 3

Lord Delaware brought cows, oxen, and goats to the English colonies

Question 4

1662 William Pynchon

Answer 4

William Pynchon became the nation’s first meat packer, packing pork in barrels with salt to ship to the West Indies and the colonies

Question 5

1742 Brighton Market

Answer 5

Brighton Market near Boston held the first public auction, making Boston the slaughter center

Question 6

1773 Benjamin Franklin

Answer 6

Benjamin Franklin proposed a ‘more compassionate’ slaughter method (electrical stunning); was adopted about 200 years later

Question 7

1779 Cattle

Answer 7

First cattle trail drive from San Antonio to the Louisiana Territory

Question 8

1805 Cattle

Answer 8

First northern cattle drive from Ohio to the eastern U.S. also drove hogs, sheep, and turkeys to the East

Question 9

1812 ‘Uncle Sam’ Wilson

Answer 9

Uncle Sam Wilson provisioned American Troops becoming the prototype for Today’s Uncle Sam

Question 10

1836 Steam

Answer 10

Steam power reduced labor requirements in packing houses; disassembly lines started

Question 11

1852 - 65 Railroads

Answer 11

Railroads come to Chicago, moving stock feeding & packing West

Question 12

1857 Trail

Answer 12

Trail drives from Texas began - Chisholm Trail was the most famous

Question 13

1818 Cincinnati

Answer 13

first meat packing plant in Cincinnati (City was called “Porkopolis” (Saws were not yet used to break carcasses into wholesale buts))

Question 14

1821 Commercial

Answer 14

First commercial meal canning in Boston

Question 15

1831 McCormick

Answer 15

McCormick invented the REAPER ; Allowed production of meat-type instead of Draft-type

Question 16

1857 Ice

Answer 16

Ice from ponds was stored under sawdust and used for first summer meat packing (Cutting ice from a pond in Iowa)

Question 17

1867 Shipment

Answer 17

First shipment of frozen beef and first refrigerated rail car (used ice)

Question 17

1880s Scraps

Answer 17

Began using blood, bones, and meat scraps as edibles and inedible by-products instead of discarding them

Question 18

1892 Glands

Answer 18

Thyroid glands were first saved from slaughtered cattle and used to treat human hypothyroidism

Question 18

1893

Answer 18

Ice Maker and refrigeration equipment

Question 19

1880s Mechanical

Answer 19

• Mechanical refrigeration and insulated rooms came into use
• Mechanical mixers, stuffers, and choppers were developed

Question 19

1883 Oscar

Answer 19

First Oscar Mayer Meat Market in Chicago

Question 19

1899 Smoke

Answer 19

Invention of smokehouse trees to move meat on rails to smokehouses

Question 19

1900 “Conveyer-ized”

Answer 19

Cure pumps, slicing machines, and “Conveyer-ized” tables are developed

Question 20

1917 WW1

Answer 20

U.S. entered WW1 and Chicago Packers canned 1.5 million Lb of meat a week for the war effort

Question 20

1920 Cutting meat

Answer 20

Bandsaw for cutting meat

Question 20

1920s Monster

Answer 20

“Monster” meat grinder

Question 21

1924 Truck

Answer 21

Refrigerated Truck

Question 22

1929 Truck

Answer 22

Meat Delivery Truck

Question 23

1940s Truck

Answer 23

Stock Trucks

Question 24

1940 Albertsons

Answer 24

Albertsons Second Meat Market (First was in Boise, Idaho)

Question 25

1941 WW2

Answer 25

U.S. enters WW2 army C rations are developed (meat plays a vital role during wartime some of the biggest advances in processing are during war)

Question 26

1980s Profit

Answer 26

Profit Equipment
- Vacuum packaging machine for luncheon meats
- Push for convenience

Question 27

1860s Value

Answer 27

Value of livestock in the U.S. reaches 1 billion (double in a decade) Chicago leading meat packing center (trains) and Texas leading in cattle

Question 28

1862

Answer 28

USDA and Land Grant College System were founded

Question 29

1904 Bureau

Answer 29

Meat inspector from Bureau of animal industry in pork fab

Question 30

1904 Jungle

Answer 30

The Jungle prompted meat inspection legislation

Question 31

1906 Act

Answer 31

Meat Inspection Act was passed and predecessors to American Meat Institute and NCBA (National Cattlemen’s Beef Association) were form

Question 32

1916 Standards

Answer 32

Standards for meat quality grades were developed to facilitate orderly marketing

Question 33

1921 Packers

Answer 33

Packers and stockyards act was passed to protect farmers

Question 34

1922 Founded

Answer 34

National Livestock and Meat Board was founded - cooperative effort by producers and packers to promote meat

Question 35

1927 USDA

Answer 35

Federal Meat Grading Service was started under USDA

Question 36

1967 & 1968

Answer 36

Wholesome Meat Act & Wholesome Poultry Act signed into law

Question 37

1948 Confinement rearing

Answer 37

Aureomycin Discovered - Improved animal health and nutritional made confinement rearing possible

Question 38

1950s Many technological developments

Answer 38

Power carcass-splitting saws, injection of bacon, continuous wiener processing, skinless sausages, lactic acid starter cultures boxed beef, self-service supermarkets