History of Ultrasound

Question 0

When and Who began a systemic study of sound?

Answer 0

500 BC

Pythagoras

Question 1

The study of sound dates back to when?

Answer 1

Ancient Greeks

Question 2

When and who developed the theory of sound propagation?

Answer 2

350 BC
Aristotle

(Sound is carried to the ears by movement)

Question 3

When was the interest of the study of sound revived?

Answer 3

in Renaissance period

Question 4

In 1500 Leonardo da Vinci proposed what?

Answer 4

That sound traveled in waves

Question 5

In the 1600’s what did Galileo develop?

Answer 5

He developed frequency determines pitch

Question 6

In the 1600’s what did Sir Isaac Newton do?

Answer 6

Velocity

Question 7

In the 1600’s what did Robert Boyle discover?

Answer 7

The elasticity of air

Question 8

NEED TO KNOW

The modern study of sound marked by a publication by who and when?

Answer 8

Lord Rayleigh

In 1877

Question 9

NEED TO KNOW

Who published the Theory of Sound?

Answer 9

Lord Rayleigh

He clarified and expanded the current knowledge of acustics

Question 10

NEED TO KNOW

When and Who studied Bats?

Answer 10

Lazzaro Spallanzani

In 1793

Question 11

Who contributed to the study of Bats?

Answer 11

• Fresnel
• Galton
• Joule
• Doppler
• Rontengen
• The Curie Brothers

Question 12

19th CENTURY CONTRIBUTORS

What did Fresnel do?

Answer 12

Wave Defraction

Question 13

19th CENTURY CONTRIBUTORS

What did Galton do?

Answer 13

Ultrasonic Whistle

Question 14

19th CENTURY CONTRIBUTORS

What did Joule do?

Answer 14

Ferromagnetic Effect

Question 15

19th CENTURY CONTRIBUTORS

What did the Curie Brothers do?

Answer 15

Piezoelectric effect

-Laid the ground work modern US scanners

Question 16

19th CENTURY CONTRIBUTORS

What did Doppler do?

Answer 16

Effect of motion on pitch of sound

-Hemodynamics--> expanded and contractions of crystals in 	an alternation field.

Question 17

19th CENTURY CONTRIBUTORS

What did William Roetengen do?

Answer 17

x-rays (but studied ultrasound 1st)

Question 18

Scientist learned how to produce US and how to put it together in what century?

Answer 18

20th century

Question 19

Who laid groundwork for SONAR and when?

Answer 19

Langevin

WWll (Started in WWl but not fully developed until WWll)

Question 20

NEED TO KNOW

When and who invented sonic detector?

Answer 20

1938

George Washington Pierce

Question 21

20th CENTURY CONTRIBUTORS

What did Paul Langevin (French Physicists) develop?

Answer 21

• Developed hydrophone
• Bioeffects
• Developed SONAR
• Able to detect objects with Ultrasound

(Underwater sound waves
Harmful effects to sound waves put against fish and they died; then did his coworkers hand and he described it as his bones were burning)

Question 22

20th CENTURY CONTRIBUTORS

What did G.W Pierce develop?

Answer 22

• Sonic detector

- Detect US frequencies and convert to audible sound

Question 23

MEDICAL ULTRASOUND

When and who developed Cavitation and Therapeutic US (Lower intensity US can be beneficial and could remove unwanted tissues)?

Answer 23

Loomis and Wood

(Discovered high-intensity of US
-Lower intensity US

Question 24

NEED TO KNOW MEDICAL ULTRASOUND When and what did Dussik do?

Answer 24

In 1942 Dussik (Austrian physician; used A-mode (amplitude) to detect brain tumors) - US for diagnostic purposes - Hyperponograms

Question 25

In 1947-1949 George Ludwig did what?

Answer 25

Used A-mode US to detect gallstones

Question 26

NEED TO KNOW | Who devised the water-path scanner?

Answer 26

Douglas Howry

Question 27

Who developed compound scanner?

Answer 27

Howry and Holmes

Question 28

Water pan scanner developed--> pt. sits next to pan of water-->the lead to the compact scanner using gel of oil

Answer 28

.

Question 29

Who detects tissue thickness? And who helped him?

Answer 29

John Wild and John Reid helped him develop the best scanner

Question 30

What else does John Wild develop?

Answer 30

Develops breast scanner and rectal scanner

Question 31

Ultrasound has been used since when?

Answer 31

1960's

Question 32

What has Ultrasound been used for?

Answer 32

to visualize the interior of the body with low-intensity sound waves

Question 33

NEED TO KNOW | When and who introduced the first commercial scanner?

Answer 33

1962 Holmes and Wright - Wright-->electrical engineer - commercial scanner-->porta-arm scanner

Question 34

OBSTETRICAL ULTRASOUND When and who used A-mode to measure BPD-->Biparietal diameter of the fetal head to estimate the weight and age of fetus?

Answer 34

Mid-1950's | Ian Donald

Question 35

NEED TO KNOW OBSTETRICAL ULTRASOUND Who is the father of OB?

Answer 35

Ian Donald

Question 36

OBSTETRICAL ULTRASOUND who did Diasonograph?

Answer 36

Ian Donald

Question 37

OBSTETRICAL ULTRASOUND Who did BPD, Full-bladder scanning and fetal gestational sac?

Answer 37

Ian Donald

Question 38

NEED TO KNOW ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY When and who did motion display of the heart (M-mode)?

Answer 38

1954 | Hertz and Edler

Question 39

What years are the golden age of diagnostic US?

Answer 39

50's and 60's

Question 40

When US start being used in Japan?

Answer 40

1950

Question 41

Who constructed scanner for OB use?

Answer 41

Kossoff and Garrett

Question 42

NEED TO KNOW | Who pioneered gray-scale imaging?

Answer 42

Kossoff

Question 43

REAL-TIME IMAGING Krause and Soldner developed?

Answer 43

-Fast B-scanners which were able to recored moving structures very important for needle-guided procedures.

Question 44

DOPPLER US When and who publishes article identifying waveforms with specific diseases?

Answer 44

1967 | Strandness

Question 45

EVOLUTION OF IMAGING

Answer 45

A-mode-->1-D imaging (oscilliscope) | Bistable Imaging- precursor to grey scale-only black and white

Question 46

NEED TO KNOW EVOLUTION OF IMAGING Who developed Gray-scale imaging?

Answer 46

- Kossoff and Garrett | - Measurement calipers

Question 47

EVOLUTION OF IMAGING Who developed real-time imaging?

Answer 47

Krause and Soldner

Question 48

EVOLUTION OF IMAGING

Answer 48

``` Doppler imaging (developed 1st) Harmonic imaging (fundamental frequency) ```

Question 49

EVOLUTION OF IMAGING

Answer 49

3-D US-->aren't moving | Real time 3-D/4-D US--> are moving

Question 50

NEW AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGY

Answer 50

Ultrasound flashlight-->help physician (guide in catheter) Contrast US Handheld US devices

Question 51

NEED TO KNOW | What did Strandness do?

Answer 51

Helped with Doppler

Question 52

There were 15 questions

Answer 52

2 were these pictures One pic was showing A-mode The other was showing M-modet really need to know dates just people and what they did