History Of Ultrasound

Question 1

Infrasound

Answer 1

Below 20H (whales)

Question 2

Audible sound

Answer 2

20-20000H

Question 3

Ultrasound

Answer 3

More than 20000 (bats)

Question 4

Diagnostic ultrasound vs
therapeutic

Answer 4

1-30 MHz
1-3 MHz

Question 5

Low frequency for high frequency for

Answer 5

Low: Penetration
High: Resolution

Question 6

Who discovered piezoelectric effect

Answer 6

The Currie brothers

Question 7

What is the piezoelectric effect

Answer 7

Applying pressure waves to crystal causes electrical pulses (voltage)

Question 8

Reverse piezoelectric effect

Answer 8

Electricity sent to Crystal causing them to vibrate (producing ultrasound)

Question 9

What was ultrasound first used for

Answer 9

To check for icebergs/submarines
Metal flaw detectors

Question 10

A mode first used for

Answer 10

To see brain tumor, then gallstones

Question 11

Father of obstetrical ultrasound

Answer 11

Ian Donald

Question 12

Three things Ian donals did

Answer 12

Father of obstetrical ultrasound (identified gestational sac)

Developed biparietal diameter measurement (BDM)

Developed first compound scanner

Question 13

Real time scanning

Answer 13

Single frame/image is created several times to give appearance of movement

Question 14

Ultrasound modes (5)

Answer 14

A mode: amplitude (metal/brain tumor)
B mode: brightness (dots)
M mode: motion (fetal HR)
Real time mode: view of baby
Doppler (spectral and colour)

Question 15

Ultrasound modes (5)

Answer 15

A mode: amplitude (metal/brain tumor)
B mode: brightness (dots)
M mode: motion (fetal HR)
Real time mode: view of baby
Doppler (spectral and colour)

Question 16

A mode

Answer 16

Most basic method
Amplitude shown on graph based on echo strength

Question 17

A mode

Answer 17

Most basic method
Amplitude shown on graph based on echo strength

Question 18

B mode

Answer 18

displays intensity (amp) by varying the brightness of a dot, compound dots to get 2 d image
brighter dot=stornger echo

Question 19

bi-stable

Answer 19

b mode image with only black or white dots
no soft tissue differentiation
uses cathode ray tube for display

Question 20

gray scale

Answer 20

b mode image that has many shades of gray
uses scan converter

Question 21

real time

Answer 21

b mode pictures captured at a rate fast enough to mimic physiological imaging

probe is firing and listening constantly

Question 22

m mode

Answer 22

motion
series of b mode dots displayed on a moving time base to see motion of structure

Question 23

doppler

Answer 23

uses the Doppler equation to determine the velocity of blood flow or frequency of blood

Question 24

static scanning AKA

Answer 24

B-scan
articulated arm scan

Question 25

contact scanning

Answer 25

transducer touches patient (instead of scanning though water)

Question 26

The rapid succession of acquired frames of gray scale data

Answer 26

real time

Question 27

A mode of ultrasound where the amplitude of the reflector is represented as a vertical spike along a time axis?

Answer 27

a mode

Question 28

A mode of ultrasound that displays the movement of reflectors over time.

Answer 28

m mode

Question 29

An image that that utilizes two shades of gray with the highest possible contrast.

Answer 29

bistable

Question 30

A mode of ultrasound that displays the effect of reflector motion relative to the transducer.

Answer 30

doppler

Question 31

A mode of ultrasound that displays several scan lines of gray scale amplitudes in a single frame.

Answer 31

static scan

Question 32

A mode of ultrasound in which the reflector amplitude is represented as a shade of gray.

Answer 32

b mode

Question 33

The conversion of mechanical forces into a electrical current.

Answer 33

piezoelectric effect