History of Vaccination

Question 1

Conferring protection against disease through inoculation of a part or whole organism that has been made partially or totally avirulent is called ___________.

Answer 1

Vaccination

Question 2

The term “vaccine” is derived from “vacca”, the latin word for _______.

Answer 2

Cow

Question 3

True or False: The material of cowpox was used to inoculate against smallpox.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The first vaccine created against this disease

Answer 4

Smallpox

Question 5

Smallpox eradication was possible because there is no _____________.

Answer 5

animal reservoir

Question 6

Smallpox is also known as _____.

Answer 6

Variola major

Question 7

Cowpox injected into the human body was found to protect it from the more virulent disease (____).

Answer 7

Smallpox

Question 8

_________ was the method first used to immunize an individual against smallpox (Variola) with material taken from a patient or a recently variolated individual in the hope that a mild, but protective infection would result.

Answer 8

Variolation

Question 9

Who spread the practice of inoculation against smallpox to Europe?

Answer 9

Lady Mary Wortley Montagu

Question 10

Another name for variolation is ________.

Answer 10

engrafting

Question 11

________ was a physician that was a pioneer in the development of the smallpox vaccine.

Answer 11

Edward Jenner

Question 12

________ was a strong public advocate who promoted the use of smallpox vaccine to prevent outbreaks among residents of the Boston area.

Answer 12

Cotton Mather

Question 13

Smallpox vaccine uses a _____ needle.

Answer 13

bifurcated

Question 14

The problem with jet injectors and vaccination is that they caused the spread of this disease.

Answer 14

Hepatitis B

Question 15

Getting rid of a disease at the national level is called _____, while globally eliminating a disease is called _________.

Answer 15

National level = Elimination

Global level = Eradication

Question 16

Where was smallpox eliminated first?

Answer 16

South America

Question 17

When was smallpox eradicated?

Answer 17

1979

Question 18

What type of virus is polio?

Answer 18

enterovirus

Question 19

Why is polio considered a summer disease?

Answer 19

Bc it is an enterovirus, so spread through the gut, so can be found in swimming pools and spread that way.

Question 20

An iron lung was used for this disease because it would paralyze the muscles in the chest, not allowing for normal breathing.

Answer 20

polio

Question 21

There are 2 types of polio vaccines. Which is the live attenuated vaccine?

Answer 21

Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV)

Question 22

___________ developed the oral polio vaccine.

Answer 22

Albert Sabin

Question 23

The __________ refers to the incident in which a vaccine manufacturer did no correctly make the vaccine and therefore caused the spread of polio. Quick acting people shut down the manufacturer that was problematic.

Answer 23

Cutter Incident

Question 24

True or False: Informed consent was around and in use during early vaccine trials.

Answer 24

False

Question 25

Human trials in this disease state caused informed consent issues and created a need for it.

Answer 25

Yellow fever

Question 26

Who are the 2 scientists who developed the BCG vaccine?

Answer 26

Calmette and Guerin (vaccine named after them)

Question 27

_______ vaccine is an attenuated strain of Mycobacetrium bovis used to protect against TB.

Answer 27

BCG vaccine

Question 28

Which continent accounts for the majority of human rabies cases reported?

Answer 28

Asia

Question 29

Louis Pasteur played a key role in the development of the _____ vaccine.

Answer 29

Rabies

Question 30

By the end of the 19th century, we had 3 human bacterial vaccines (all killed). What are they?

Answer 30

Cholera, Plague, and Typhoid fever

Question 31

By the end of the 19th century, we had 2 human virus vaccines. What are they?

Answer 31

Rabies, Variola (smallpox vaccine)

Question 32

When the polio vaccine first began to be used, it had to be grown and then inactivated with ________.

Answer 32

Formaldehyde

Question 33

________ and _______ first grew the polio vaccine.

Answer 33

Weller, Enders, and Robbins

Question 34

_______ is a non-whole bacteria that can cause severe cases of meningitis, disability, and paralysis.

Answer 34

HIB (Haemophilus influenzae type b)

Question 35

Which protects for a longer period of time: Acellular pertussis or whole cellular pertussis?

Answer 35

Whole cellular pertussis

Question 36

This is a viral subunit vaccine that is considered an anti-cancer vaccine because it prevents hepatocellular carcinoma.

Answer 36

Hepatitis B Vaccine

Question 37

EPI stands for _______.

Answer 37

Expanded Program on Immunization

Question 38

EPI was founded in ______.

Answer 38

1974

Question 39

The pentavalent vaccine consists of _________.

Answer 39

DTP (Diptheria, Tetanus, Pertussis), Hib, and Hepatitis B

Question 40

The ability for a pathogen to be transmitted to multiple people is called ______.

Answer 40

R nought (Ro)

Question 41

True or False: the Cutter incidence was essentially the birth of vaccine regulation.

Answer 41

True

Question 42

Which was discovered first: IPV or OPV?

Answer 42

IPV (in 1955) | OPV (in 1960s)

Question 43

Where are there polio cases still being documented?

Answer 43

Pakistan and Afghanistan

Question 44

Whooping cough is caused by ______.

Answer 44

Pertussis

Question 45

_________ demonstrated that a deliberate infection with cowpox provided protection against smallpox. He called it vaccination from the work vacca meaning cow.

Answer 45

Edward Jenner

Question 46

Vaccine to protect against HPV is called _______. HPV can cause cancer. Many are cervical cancers in females or throat cancers in males. So this is a vaccine that PREVENTS CANCER.

Answer 46

Gardasil

Question 47

_______ is the introduction of dried pus from smallpox pustules into the skin of a patient,

Answer 47

Variolation