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History Paper 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are pull factors that encouraged Scots to migrate internally?

A
  • Working hours allowed for more free time
  • Higher wages in industrial jobs
  • Stability in employment opportunities
  • Socialising in urban areas
  • Better education opportunities
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2
Q

What were some push factors that forced Scots to migrate internally?

A
  • Invention of farming technology led to job loss
  • The railway made rural businesses uncompetitive
  • Rising population increased famine risk
  • Loss of home and job due to employment issues
  • Land competition limited ownership opportunities
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3
Q

What was the Highland Clearances?

A

The forced eviction of inhabitants of the highlands and western islands of Scotland to make way for sheep farming

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4
Q

How did the Potato Famine affect Scots’ migration?

A

The potato blight of 1846 caused starvation for many highlanders, forcing them to migrate to Lowland cities

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5
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ Act of 1872 provided free education for all Scots aged 5-13.

A

[Education]

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6
Q

What economic impact did Scots have in Canada?

A
  • Founded the Northwest Company
  • Created the Canadian Pacific Railway
  • Introduced crop rotation techniques
  • Contributed to the timber industry
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7
Q

Who was Sir John MacDonald?

A

Canada’s first Prime Minister and a key figure in developing the nation’s laws and political framework

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8
Q

True or False: Scots played a role in the forced assimilation of native peoples in Canada.

A

True

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9
Q

What was the significance of the Merino sheep introduced by Scots in Australia?

A

It established a vital wool industry that became essential to the Australian economy

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10
Q

How did Scots influence education in New Zealand?

A

They established over 100 schools, improving literacy rates and educational access

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11
Q

What was the Treaty of Waitangi intended to do?

A

Protect Maori rights and grant British governance

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12
Q

Fill in the blank: Scots introduced _______ to Australia, revolutionizing the wine industry.

A

[Vineyards]

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13
Q

What role did Scots play in the Maori Wars from 1845 to 1872?

A

They were part of the settler population involved in conflicts that devastated Maori communities

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14
Q

What were the living conditions like for Highland Scots before migration?

A

Poor hygiene in bothies, broken roofs, and unpaved floors

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15
Q

What did the 1922 Empire Settlement Act do?

A

Helped 86,000 emigrants by paying for their fares to encourage colonization abroad

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16
Q

How did Scots impact the timber industry in Canada?

A

They helped clear land, process timber, and export wood to Europe

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17
Q

What was the impact of Scots on native populations in New Zealand?

A
  • Displaced Maori communities through land acquisitions
  • Marginalized their traditions and language
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18
Q

Fill in the blank: Scots helped establish the _______ Bank of New Zealand, supporting financial stability.

A

[National]

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19
Q

What were the consequences of Scots’ participation in land appropriation in Canada?

A

Erosion of indigenous lifestyles and systematic marginalization of native populations

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20
Q

What were some social activities that encouraged Scots to migrate to urban areas?

A
  • Theatres
  • Shops
  • Football stadiums
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21
Q

True or False: Scots were instrumental in shaping policies that integrated Australia into the British Empire.

A

True

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22
Q

What were some job opportunities that encouraged Scots to emigrate?

A
  • Railway jobs
  • Mining jobs in Canada and Australia
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23
Q

What was the impact of the Gold Rush of 1847 on Scots in Australia?

A

Stimulated economic growth and increased employment through gold trading

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24
Q

What rights did the Waitangi Treaty promise to protect for the Maori?

Study These Flashcards
A

Maori rights, lands, and culture

The treaty symbolised a recognition of Maori sovereignty.

25
What was the impact of Scots on Maori land?
Dispossession of Maori territories ## Footnote This disrupted Maori economic practices and severed their connection to ancestral lands.
26
What cultural impact did settlers have on Maori traditions and language?
Marginalisation of Maori traditions and language ## Footnote Settler culture caused significant erosion of Maori cultural identity.
27
What were the consequences of the Maori wars?
Loss of life, destruction of property, and clearing of Maori land ## Footnote These wars had a devastating impact on Maori society.
28
What role did Scots play in India's infrastructure development?
Developed railways, roads, and ports ## Footnote These advancements integrated India into the global economy.
29
What was the primary focus of Scottish policies in India?
Cash crop cultivation ## Footnote This disrupted subsistence farming and contributed to famines.
30
What impact did Scottish missionaries have on education in India?
Established schools and colleges, improving literacy ## Footnote However, they emphasized European culture over Indian traditions.
31
What was the Doctrine of Lapse?
A policy allowing the British to annex Indian royal states ## Footnote Implemented by Scottish administrators like James Dalhousie.
32
What were the economic consequences of cash crop policies in India?
Displacement of local farmers and food shortages ## Footnote This contributed to famines such as the Great Famine of 1876–78.
33
What challenges did Irish immigrants face in Scotland?
Sectarianism and hostility, particularly for Catholic Irish ## Footnote Protestant Irish faced fewer barriers to assimilation.
34
What was the primary reason for Italian immigration to Scotland?
Economic hardships and seeking business opportunities ## Footnote Many initially planned to emigrate to America.
35
How did Italians contribute to Scottish culture?
Established cafés and fish and chip shops ## Footnote These became central to Scotland’s leisure culture.
36
What was the Lithuanian experience in Scotland characterized by?
Strong communities preserving cultural identity ## Footnote However, they faced discrimination for resisting assimilation.
37
What economic role did Jewish immigrants play in Scotland?
Dominated the tobacco industries and engaged in tailoring ## Footnote This contributed significantly to Scotland's commerce.
38
What was a significant social contribution of Jewish immigrants in Scotland?
Influenced the creation and success of the Labour party ## Footnote They had a major impact on the working class in Scotland.
39
True or False: The Irish created Catholic school systems in Scotland.
True ## Footnote This helped grow Catholicism in Scotland.
40
Fill in the blank: Scots introduced _______ norms and values into Indian society.
European ## Footnote This led to cultural alienation among Indians.
41
What was a notable impact of Scottish-led policies on Indian governance?
Marginalized traditional Indian governance and education ## Footnote This further embedded colonial control.
42
What was the impact of Irish immigrants on Scottish industries?
Increased production and contributed to Scotland’s economy ## Footnote Many worked in hard labour sectors.
43
What challenges did Jews face in employment in Scotland?
Discrimination and exclusion from banks and government offices ## Footnote They were often stereotyped in the media.
44
When was Dundee Hibernian (Dundee UTD) was founded...?
By Catholic Irish immigrants in 1909.
45
Why did Dundee UTD mean that the Irish immigrants had a positive experience?
They were able to come together and play football with fellow Catholic Irishmen in Scotland.
46
Where did many Irish immigrants work in Dundee?
The Jute factories. # Many were Irish women.
47
Why did the jute factories mean that the Irish had a positive experience?
They were able to find steady work and earn a living in Dundee.
48
Lochee was known as...?
"Little Tipperary" due to its massive Irish population.
49
Why was Lochee's huge Irish population mean that Irish immigrants had a positive experience?
Irish communities were able to come together in another country while still feeling at home with their language and culture in Lochee.
50
What was life like for Irish immigrants in Glasgow?
Due to housing competition, most already poor Irish immigrants had to live in filth, overcrowding Glasgow slums.
51
What were Irish workers accused of being?
Strike Breakers # They were willing to work for less than Scottish workers.
52
What reputation did the Irish have?
Drunkenness and "bad" behavior which was highlighted by the navvies.
53
Why were employers happy to see the Irish coming?
There was a shortage of manual workers and factory workers.
54
What did many Scots believe the Irish were doing?
Taking their jobs as well as increasing housing competition.
55
Why were Irish seen as a threat to religion?
The majority of Irish were catholic. Since Scotland was a protestant country, Scots worried that Catholicism would return to Scotland.
56
What impact did WW1 have on Scots reaction to Irish immigrants?
*Many Irish signed up for WW1 *Worked together with Scottish soldiers on the front lines, saw then as comrades.
57
What did the Church of Scotland refer to the Irish as?
A "menace to out Scottish Nationality" #Church was very influential in spreading hate towards the Irish - negative reaction.
58
How did the Scottish react to the Irish slums?
They were frequently blamed for disease so they were isolated.
59

History (7 decks)

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