history regents review Flashcards
(149 cards)
1
Q
What does it mean to abdicate?
A
To give up a position of power voluntarily.
2
Q
Define ad hoc.
A
Created for a specific purpose or situation.
3
Q
What is an alien in a legal context?
A
A non-citizen residing in a country.
4
Q
What is an alibi?
A
A claim or piece of evidence that one was elsewhere when an act took place.
5
Q
What does amicus curiae mean?
A
A person or group offering information to a court though not directly involved in the case.
6
Q
What does anon refer to?
A
Soon or shortly.
7
Q
What was apartheid?
A
A former policy of racial segregation in South Africa.
8
Q
Define avant-garde.
A
Innovative or ahead of the times, especially in the arts.
9
Q
What is a barrio?
A
A Spanish-speaking neighborhood in an urban area.
10
Q
What does it mean to behoove someone?
A
To be necessary or proper for someone.
11
Q
What does betwixt mean?
A
An old-fashioned term meaning ‘between.’
12
Q
What is the Bill of Rights?
A
The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution.
13
Q
What does carte blanche signify?
A
Complete freedom to act as one wishes.
14
Q
Who was César Chávez?
A
Labor leader who fought for rights of Latino farm workers.
15
Q
What are checks and balances?
A
System that prevents any one branch of government from becoming too powerful.
16
Q
What does Chicano / Chicana refer to?
A
Identity term for some Mexican-Americans expressing cultural pride.
17
Q
What was the Chinese Exclusion Act?
A
1882 law that barred Chinese immigration.
18
Q
Define commerce.
A
Trade, especially between states or nations.
19
Q
What does consent of the governed mean?
A
The idea that government gets its power from the people.
20
Q
What is a conquistador?
A
Spanish conqueror in the Americas.
21
Q
What does consanguinity refer to?
A
Kinship or blood relation.
22
Q
What is a coup d’état?
A
A sudden overthrow of a government.
23
Q
What does court packing refer to?
A
FDR’s failed plan to add more justices to the Supreme Court.
24
Q
What does de facto mean?
A
In practice but not officially established by law.
25
What does de jure mean?
By law; legally recognized.
26
Define despotism.
Rule by a single person with absolute power, often oppressive.
27
What is a diaspora?
The scattering of people from their original homeland.
28
What is due process?
Legal requirement for fair treatment.
29
What does déjà vu mean?
The feeling that one has lived through the present situation before.
30
What does E pluribus unum translate to?
Latin for 'Out of many, one'; motto of the U.S.
31
What does Égalité / Liberté / Fraternité mean?
Slogan of the French Revolution meaning Equality, Liberty, Brotherhood.
32
What was the Emancipation Proclamation?
Lincoln’s 1863 order freeing slaves in Confederate states.
33
Define encomienda.
A Spanish colonial system giving colonists control over Native labor.
34
What does encroach mean?
To intrude on someone’s rights or property.
35
What does esteem refer to?
Respect and admiration.
36
What does et al. mean?
And others.
37
What does et cetera (etc.) signify?
And the rest.
38
What is an ex post facto law?
Law applied to acts committed before the law was passed (unconstitutional in U.S.).
39
What does forthwith mean?
Immediately; without delay.
40
What were the Fourteen Points?
Woodrow Wilson’s post-WWI peace proposal.
41
What was the Freedmen’s Bureau?
Federal agency to help former slaves after the Civil War.
42
What is freedom of speech?
The right to express any opinions without censorship.
43
What is the G.I. Bill?
Law providing benefits to WWII veterans.
44
What does gerrymandering refer to?
Manipulating voting district boundaries for advantage.
45
Define ghetto.
Urban area with a minority population, often impoverished.
46
What was the Great Compromise?
1787 agreement for a bicameral Congress (House and Senate).
47
What is guerrilla warfare?
Irregular warfare by small groups.
48
What is a gulag?
Soviet forced labor camp.
49
What does habeas corpus mean?
Legal action to seek relief from unlawful imprisonment.
50
What was the Harlem Renaissance?
1920s cultural revival of African American music, art, and literature.
51
What was the House of Burgesses?
First representative assembly in the American colonies (Virginia, 1619).
52
What does it mean to impeach?
To formally charge a government official with misconduct.
53
What is impeachment?
The process of charging and possibly removing a public official.
54
What does impel mean?
To drive or urge someone to take action.
55
What does inalienable refer to?
Rights that cannot be taken away or denied.
56
What was the Indian Removal Act?
1830 law that authorized the removal of Native Americans to western lands.
57
What is an initiative?
A process where citizens can propose new laws by petition.
58
What does internment mean?
Confinement during wartime, as with Japanese-Americans during WWII.
59
What does joie de vivre mean?
French for 'joy of living'; a cheerful enjoyment of life.
60
What does kamikaze refer to?
Japanese suicide pilots in WWII.
61
What are latifundia?
Large estates in ancient Rome or Latin America, often worked by slaves or laborers.
62
What do the terms Latino / Latina / Latinx refer to?
Terms for people of Latin American origin.
63
Define laissez-faire.
Policy of minimal governmental interference in the economy.
64
What was the League of Nations?
Post-WWI international peacekeeping organization; precursor to the UN.
65
What does levy mean?
To impose or collect (a tax or fine).
66
What is a loyalist?
American colonists who remained loyal to Britain during the Revolution.
67
What is the Magna Carta?
1215 English document limiting the power of the monarch.
68
What does magnanimity mean?
Generosity, especially from someone in power.
69
What was the Manhattan Project?
U.S. project during WWII to develop atomic bombs.
70
What does manifest destiny refer to?
19th-century belief that the U.S. was destined to expand westward.
71
What was the Mayflower Compact?
1620 agreement to form a self-government by the Pilgrims.
72
What is mercantilism?
Economic theory that colonies exist to benefit the mother country.
73
What does mestizo mean?
A person of mixed Native American and European ancestry.
74
What is a militia?
A military force made up of ordinary citizens.
75
What is the Monroe Doctrine?
1823 U.S. policy opposing European interference in the Americas.
76
What is a muckraker?
Journalist who exposed corruption in the early 20th century.
77
What are natural rights?
Rights that people are born with, such as life and liberty.
78
What does naturalization mean?
The process of becoming a U.S. citizen.
79
What does nay mean?
An old-fashioned way of saying 'no.'
80
What was the New Deal?
FDR’s programs to combat the Great Depression.
81
What were the Nuremberg Trials?
Post-WWII trials of Nazi leaders for war crimes.
82
What was the Open Door Policy?
U.S. policy to keep trade with China open to all nations.
83
What does ordain mean?
To officially establish or order something.
84
What does party of the first part refer to?
Legal term referring to the first party mentioned in a contract.
85
What is a patriot?
A colonist who supported independence from Britain.
86
What is the Patriot Act?
2001 law expanding government surveillance to combat terrorism.
87
What does perfidy mean?
Deceitfulness or betrayal.
88
What does per capita mean?
Per person; often used in economics and statistics.
89
What is a petition for redress?
Formal request to fix a wrong or grievance.
90
What is a preamble?
Introduction to the Constitution stating its purpose.
91
What does posterity refer to?
Future generations.
92
What does pro bono mean?
Work done without charge, often by lawyers.
93
What was Prohibition?
1920–1933 ban on the sale of alcoholic beverages.
94
What does providence mean?
Divine guidance or care.
95
What does quid pro quo mean?
Something given in exchange for something else.
96
What does ratify mean?
To formally approve a law or agreement.
97
What does reconstruction refer to?
Period after the Civil War focused on rebuilding the South.
98
What does redress mean?
Remedy or compensation for a wrong.
99
What does rendezvous mean?
A meeting at an agreed time and place.
100
What is republicanism?
Support for a system of representative government.
101
What does reprieve mean?
Temporary delay of punishment.
102
What is a robber baron?
Derogatory term for powerful 19th-century industrialists.
103
What was Roe v. Wade?
1973 Supreme Court decision legalizing abortion.
104
What is the Roosevelt Corollary?
Extension of the Monroe Doctrine asserting U.S. dominance in the Western Hemisphere.
105
Who was Rosie the Riveter?
Symbol of women’s work in factories during WWII.
106
What is samizdat?
Secret publication of banned literature in the USSR.
107
What was Schenck v. U.S.?
1919 case limiting speech during wartime.
108
What was the Scope’s Trial?
1925 case debating teaching evolution in schools.
109
What is the separation of powers?
Division of government into branches to prevent abuse.
110
What was the Seneca Falls Convention?
1848 meeting launching the women’s rights movement.
111
What is a settlement house?
Community center offering services to the poor.
112
What does shall indicate?
Indicates obligation or future action in legal language.
113
What is sharecropping?
System where farmers worked land for a share of the crop.
114
What does 'Si se puede' mean?
Spanish for 'Yes, it can be done'; slogan of the UFW.
115
What does sine qua non refer to?
An essential condition.
116
What is a social contract?
Agreement between people and government for mutual benefit.
117
What is Social Security?
1935 program providing financial assistance to the elderly.
118
What does sovereignty mean?
Supreme power or authority.
119
What was the Spanish-American War?
1898 conflict resulting in U.S. control of former Spanish colonies.
120
What are states’ rights?
Idea that states have powers independent of the federal government.
121
What does status quo mean?
The existing state of affairs.
122
What was the Stock Market Crash?
October 1929 collapse that triggered the Great Depression.
123
What is a subpoena?
Legal document ordering someone to appear in court.
124
Define suffrage.
The right to vote.
125
What does tabula rasa mean?
Blank slate; idea that individuals are born without built-in knowledge.
126
What is temperance?
Movement to ban or reduce alcohol use.
127
What is a tenement?
Crowded urban apartment building, often unsafe.
128
What do thereby / therein / thereof refer to?
Legal terms referring to 'by that means / in that / of that.'
129
What do thou / thee / thy / thine represent?
Old English forms of 'you' and 'your.'
130
What was the Three-fifths Compromise?
Agreement counting enslaved people as 3/5 of a person for representation.
131
What was the Trail of Tears?
Forced removal of Native Americans to the west.
132
What does tranquility mean?
Peace and calm.
133
What is treason?
Betrayal of one’s country.
134
What is a treaty?
Formal agreement between nations.
135
What was the Truman Doctrine?
U.S. policy to contain communism after WWII.
136
What does tyranny refer to?
Oppressive government rule.
137
What was the Underground Railroad?
Network that helped enslaved people escape to freedom.
138
What does usurpation mean?
Taking power unlawfully.
139
What does verily mean?
Truly; certainly.
140
What does vice versa mean?
The other way around.
141
What was the Vietnam War?
Cold War-era conflict in Southeast Asia (U.S. involved 1965–1973).
142
What was the Voting Rights Act?
1965 law banning voting discrimination.
143
What does volksgemeinschaft mean?
Nazi term for a racially unified national community.
144
What was Watergate?
Political scandal that led to President Nixon’s resignation.
145
What do whence / whereof / whither mean?
Archaic terms meaning 'from where / of which / to where.'
146
What does whereas indicate?
Used in legal documents to introduce premises.
147
What is a writ?
Formal written court order.
148
What does yea mean?
Yes (especially in formal votes).
149
What is yellow journalism?
Sensationalist news reporting used to attract readers.
