History revision Flashcards
(37 cards)
Who died in 1066?
Edward the Confessor.
Who were the 4 contenders to the throne in 1066?
Harold Godwinson, Harald Hardraada, William of Normandy, Edgar Aethling
What are primary and secondary sources?
A primary source is a piece of evidence from the time, a secondary source is a piece of evidence written about the time.
What does the word “provenance” mean?
The origins of a source. This can sometimes be more useful than the source itself.
Why was England appealing to invaders?
It had good soil, lots of cattle, it was an island which made it hard to invade. It had a good climate for farming.
Who were the Whitten?
A group of people who would decide the next king in 1066.
What qualities would the Whitten want for a king?
Brave, loyal, experience in battle, trustworthy, clever, good at listening to advice.
Who landed in the North East of England in 1066?
Harald Hardraada, who started the battle of Stamford Bridge.
Give some reasons of why William won the Battle of Hastings, and whether they were William’s or William’s luck.
Harold’s army were very tired after the battle of Stamford Bridge. The wind direction meant that William could land safely and prepare for battle. (Luck).
William used soldiers on horseback and archers, whereas Harold did not. William performed fake retreats so that Harold’s shield wall broke.
What were saxon professions on soldiers?
Fyrd- amateurs
Housecarls- professionals.
How did William consolidate his power?
He built castles to show his power and defend his army. He introduced the feudal system to bring people under his control. He used violence and terror to make people obey him. He ordered the Domesday Book.
What we’re the 4 ranks of the feudal system?
King, Lords, Knights, Peasants.
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Why did the church have so much power in late medieval England?
Because the pope were supposed to be God’s representative on Earth, bishops advised Kings and owned lots of land, parish priests had the power to forgive sins and because of this the church could hold hell over people to make them do what the church wanted.
What was the Tithe?
Every year, the church collected 10% of people’s newborn animals and crops.
What role did Henry II give to Thomas Becket and why?
Henry II made Thomas Becket the Archbishop of Canterbury because they were best friends and Henry thought he could control the church through him.
What went wrong with Henry’s scheme to control the church?
Becket became very devoted to God.
Where did Thomas Becket flee and why?
Thomas Becket fled to France because Henry II passed a law that anyone trialled in the churches court must be trialled again in the Kings Court.
Why did Thomas Becket excommunicate the archbishop of York?
Because while Becket had been in France, Henry II held a practise coronation for his son with the archbishop of York. When Becket got back, he excommunicated anyone who had helped Henry.
How did Thomas Becket die?
In a rage, Henry II screamed, “who will rid me of this troublesome priest”, although he didn’t actually mean it. However, 4 knights heard this and murdered Becket while he was praying.
When did the Black Death happen?
1348-1349
What did people think the Black Death was caused by?
Bad air (miasma), position of the Planets, God’s displeasure, strangers poisoning walls, looking people who had the plague in the eye.
How did people treat the Black Death?
Flagellents, live frogs strapped to buboes(large purple sores), sending people with plague away, locking town gates.
Who were the flagellents.
The flagellents believed that God’s displeasure had caused the plague, so they walked around whipping themselves and hoped that because they were punishing themselves, God would take the plague away.
How long did it take for the population of England to recover?
250 years.
