History Revision Flashcards
(38 cards)
Who won the Battle of Stamford Bridge?
Harold Godwinson
What day was William the Conqueror crowned?
Christmas, 1066
What part of France did William come from?
Normandy
What happened after the Romans left Britain in 410 AD?
Between 400-700 AD : invasion by the Angles and Saxons from Europe. They joined forces to become Anglo-Saxons
Between 600-800 AD : a small bit of (be it uneasy)peace where the war lords called themselves Kings and the land is split into a few small kingdoms.
800 AD: Vikings land on the coastline, raid it and some colonies are set up as the Anglo-Saxons can’t cope
Mid 9th Century: Vikings and Anglo-Saxons fight and Vikings control most of England, the North and Central places (Danelaw) and the English hold the South (Wessex)
Beginning of 11th Century: King Canute is crowned ruler of England as a whole, Norway and Denmark. It’s united under Viking rule.
Between 1015-1042: King Canute rules and thinks of himself so powerful he can hold back the sea, but then drowns, leaving England in the control of his sons
1042: The last of the Viking line Harthacanute dies, and Anglo-Saxon Edward Confessor is crowned. He drives out the Vikings. P
Where did the Vikings come from?
Scandinavia: Norway, Denmark and Sweden
Where does the word Viking come from?
Viking comes from Old Norse and means pirate raid. People who went raiding in ships would ‘go viking’.
Dates off the Viking age in European History?
700-1100 AD
What did the Vikings do in the countries the invaded?
They’d raid monasteries and villages or settle as traders, farmers or craftsmen. Two examples of countries they went are Ireland or England.
What was the Anglo-Saxon reaction?
One monk described it as: ‘never before has such terror appeared in Britain as we are now suffering from a Pagan rage’ and ‘the church of St Cuthbert is splashed with Priest’s blood’. He also went on to say it was the holiest place in Britain and the pagan Viking’s had made it there hunting ground.
They didn’t like them.
Viking Daily Life?
They spent most time doing tasks like: weaving cloth for clothing; collecting firewood; baking bread; hunting, fishing and gathering, (they where excellent hunters and fisherman). Other skills include crafting tools and making jewellery.
Viking accommodation?
Houses where made of either turf, wood or stone. Their roofs where thatched and most walls made from Wattle, (sticks and mud). They normally included just one room.
Viking religion?
The Vikings where pagan and believed in several Norse gods. When a Viking died, they where buried with some of their possessions. If you died in battle, Vikings believed you went to a hug feast hall called Valhalla where heroes feasted together. Some did convert to Christianity upon arrival in England.
Viking food?
Their diet consisted of: meat from hunted wild animals and farm animals, smoked or preserved fish, berries or nuts and they drank milk or ale. They had huge feats for seasonal festivals or events like funerals.
Vikings York (originally Jorvik)
York was positioned at the meeting point of two rivers, giving good trading opportunities, had land sloping down from it, perfect for defence and thick forests where they could get a lot of recourse all around it.
Viking York’s wealth?
Viking York was wealthy as the Anglo-Saxons who previously lived there had been so. They would also make good slaves.
Viking York’s trading?
The rivers meeting at York provided lead to the North Sea and allowed links to the Black Sea, Russia, Europe, Iceland, Greenland and Newfoundland. This meant a large range of goods such as moose antlers, spices, oils, materials.
Viking trial?
There where three different ordeals they put you through to determine if you where guilty: fire, cold water and combat. A jury would give them an ordeal to do.
Fire ordeal in Viking trial?
You would have to hold a hot bar heated in a fire and walk three steps. Your hands would be bandaged and three days later, checked if they where getting better or not. If they where healing, you where not guilty and vic versa.
Cold water ordeal in Viking trial?
You where tied up and thrown into water. If you sank, you where not innocent, if you floated you where innocent.
Viking combat trial?
This was an ordeal especially for the rich and powerful. Whoever was the first to die or spill blood would be wrong, and the winner right.
The throne candidates after Edward the Confessor’s death?
Harold Godwinson
Edgar Aethling
Harald Hardrada
William of Normady
Who was Harold Godwinson?
Earl of Wessex, brother in law of Edward the Confessor, popular with English and the Witten. Promised to back William the Conqueror, but didn’t. Promised throne by previous King.
Who was Harald Hardrada?
Viking King of Denmark, very powerful army and good fighter. Descendant of King Canute, father promised throne but Edward the Confessor took it. Tostig, Harold Godwinson’s traitor brother was supporting him.
Who was William of Normaday?
Future King of England, but as a candidate: a good ruler of Normandy in France, cousin to Edward, promised throne in return for sending soldiers to England, also promised to be backed by Harold Godwinson, who betrayed him.
