History study Flashcards
(23 cards)
When and where did the black death originate
The black death first originated in China in the early 1330s CE.
How did the black death spread
The disease was spread by fleas who would pass the bacteria into the body of anything they bit. At first, the fleas were found on rats, but soon moved to spread the disease to humans.
What was the population before and after the black death
The population of England in 1348 was estimated at around 4.5 million. One year later, after the Black Death had arrived, the population had reduced to around 3 million people.
What were the symtoms of day 1 of the black death
Painful swellings called buboes appeared in the victims armpits and groin.
What were the symtoms of day 2 of the black death
The victim vomited and developed a fever.
What were the symtoms of day 3 of the black death
Bleeding under the skin caused dark blotches all over the body.
What were the symtoms of day 4 of the black death
The disease attacked the nervous system. This caused the victim to suffer spasms. The victim was in terrible pain.
What were the symptoms of day 5 of the black death
Sometimes the buboes would burst and a foul-smelling black liquid oozed from the open boils
How did the black death impact daily life
- As a result of the massive population decline, a shortage in labourers arose. This meant that there were significantly more jobs than people.
- Doctors were seen much more frequently throughout towns and villages to help the sick as much as possible.
- Body Collectors became a prominent job as the number of people dying as a result of the Black Death required people to move the deceased away from homes and streets.
- Fear and anxiety were rife throughout the Black Death as many were concerned about contracting the disease, as well as their loved ones.
How did the black death impact Population
How did the black death impact the Economy
- In the short term, it was difficult to employ people to plough fields, harvest crops, and produce other goods.
- This resulted in a significant decline in the productive output of goods, particularly food.
- Some European rulers attempted to stop wage increases by passing laws that banned peasants from demanding higher wages.
- The value of land also plummeted (by around 50%) as a result of the Black Death due to a smaller population using the same amount of land.
- Monarchs (Kings) received less taxes due to a smaller population of workers.
Ways to attack a castle
Fire, Sieges, ladders, Mining, Belfry, Trebuchet and Catapults.
How is fire used to attack a castle
Fire was the best way to attack the early Motte and Bailey castles since they were made entirely of wood. As the fire spread through the castle those living inside would be forced to leave allowing the attackers to take them prisoner or kill them.
How is a sieges used to attack a castle
Sieges could last for months, usually until the inhabitants of the castle ran out of food and were starving.
How is ladders used to attack a castle
Ladders were used by those attacking a castle to climb over the walls and fight the castle inhabitants within the castle walls. However, ladders had the disadvantage of leaving the man climbing the ladder subject to attack
How is mining used to attack a castle
Attackers would dig a tunnel underground up to the castle walls (in a stone castle), under the gatehouse if possible. They would then set a charge and make an explosion which would make the walls crumble and collapse.
How is a belfry used to attack a castle
The Belfry was a large structure on wheels that could be pushed up to the castle walls. Ladders inside the Belfry allowed attackers to climb to the top undercover.
How is Catapults used to attack a castle
Catapults were developed during the Middle Ages to fire stones, fireballs or other objects such as dead sheep, cattle, or plague victims, at the castle walls or into the castle itself.
What reminded people of the church’s power
- Churches and cathedrals were the largest buildings in a town.
- They were also located in the centre of a town.
- They had expensive decorations such as stain glass windows and stone sculptures.
what is the 3 field system
The three-field system was designed to avoid crop failure and limit the risk of famine There were 3 main fields in a village that the peasants used to grow crops. One field was left fallow (without crops) each year to allow for the soil to recover its fertility. The two other fields would be divided and a variety of crops grown to best use the space available. They varied where they planted each plant so the same nutrients were not being taken from the soil each year.
what were the reasons for colonisation
-May have run out of room in their homeland.
- More land will give them more power – more money, better economy.
- Spread the homeland’s ideas e.g. religion.
- The country wants to get rid of their troublemakers.
- To get more resources for their country e.g. spices, minerals, coal, oil, gold.
- Take away the power of their enemies.
what does Terra Nullius mean
‘Land belonging to no one’
what is a keep
the place of last resort in case of siege or attack.
