History t1

Question 1

what are the types of evidence that we can use to piece history together?

Answer 1

visual (artefacts)
written
oral

Question 2

give examples of visual evidence

Answer 2

objects
artefacts
pictures (like rock art)
fossils

Question 3

give examples of oral evidence?

Answer 3

interviews
tv show
speeches
story telling

Question 4

give examples of written evidence

Answer 4

diaries
newspapers
letters
books
journal

Question 5

what do archeologists do?

Answer 5

they DIG UP or FIND things that people long ago have left behind

Question 6

what nomadic people?

Answer 6

people that move around and do not stay settled in one place for long

Question 7

what are the hunter-gatherers of Southern Africa called?

Answer 7

San or Bushmen

Question 8

Where does the word ‘San’ come from?

Answer 8

The Khoi-Khoi word ‘Saan’ which means
‘people who gather wild food’ or ‘people without cattle’

Question 9

Approximately how long have the hunter-gatherers been around for in Southern Africa?

Answer 9

11,000 years

Question 10

who do archaeologists think that the San people descended from?

Answer 10

the original Home Sapiens that lived in South Africa for at least 150,000 years

Question 11

what cultural practices were still followed until recently by Southern African hunter-gathers?

Answer 11

making ostrich egg shell beads
shell ornaments
the bow and arrow
rock art

Question 12

Why did many of the San people die in the 18th and 19th centuries?

Answer 12

European settlers brought new diseases with them
advanced weapons

Question 13

What happened to the San people that did not die of European diseases or killed by their advanced weapons?

Answer 13

forced to join other tribes for survival

Question 14

what is San oral history?

Answer 14

stories that are is passed down through generations that tell about their history

Question 15

why is evidence important?

Answer 15

it proves that the history is based on facts

Question 16

when did european settlers arrive in the Cape?

Answer 16

1652

Question 17

where are most San rock art?

Answer 17

in caves

Question 18

why is it hard to tell how old a rock painting is?

Answer 18

because it has been sheltered from wind, rain and other elements inside caves

Question 19

who painted the San rock art?

Answer 19

the shaaman

Question 20

when did the shaaman paint rock art?

Answer 20

after a special experience called the TRANCE DANCE

Question 21

what did the San make paint brushes from?

Answer 21

animal hair
thin reeds
feathers

Question 22

how was paint made for San rock art

Answer 22

pigments mixed with whatever was available (like animal blood, eggs , water or saliva/spit)

Question 23

what were the main colours used in San rock art?

Answer 23

RED (from red ochre pigment)
WHITE (from clay or bird droppings)
YELLOW (from yellow ochre pigment)
BROWN / BLACK (charcoal and manganese oxide)

Question 24

What are etchings?

Answer 24

rock art where the artist would scrap and chip out pieces of rock

Question 25

how to write a paragraph answer

Answer 25

hamburger method: - intro topic sentence - reasons (patties) - conclusions

Question 26

what did the Europeans think of the San people?

Answer 26

they were very primitive

Question 27

why were the San people nomadic?

Answer 27

1. to follow the seasons 2. find where the plants for food grow 3. follow the migration of antelope 4. find water

Question 28

How did San people look after the environment?

Answer 28

1. never picked too many plants, 2. only killed what they needed (did not hunt for sport/fun) 3. did not waste anything - they used every part of the animal

Question 29

How did the San make fire?

Answer 29

the men carried two FIRED STICKS everywhere with them with they RUBBED together

Question 30

Why was fire important to the San people?

Answer 30

It gave them - light - warmth - cooked food - protection from predators

Question 31

What did the San live in?

Answer 31

Cave Camped in open air hut-like homes made of easily available material e.g. long grasses, thin branches and rocks

Question 32

Who built the San's hut-like structures?

Answer 32

the women in less than an hour

Question 33

What skills did the San people have?

Answer 33

tool making crafting tracking animals to hunt building huts quickly knowing which plants to eat knowing which plants to use as medicines

Question 34

what tools did the San men make?

Answer 34

bows and poisoned arrows for hunting sharpened rocks for cutting things & harvesting

Question 35

what materials did the San use to make their tools?

Answer 35

wood, stone and bones

Question 36

what did the San people use ostrich eggs for?

Answer 36

to make decorative shell beads to store/carry water

Question 37

What are the San people beliefs and religion?

Answer 37

Believe in power of one god AND lesser gods They pay respect / homage to the SPIRITS of the ANCESTORS DANCE is important (they go into a trance/dream-like state) Believed their ART had special power

Question 38

What is the Linton panel?

Answer 38

a famous piece of San rock art

Question 39

Where was the Linton panel found?

Answer 39

in a CAVE on a FARM called Linton in the EASTERN CAPE

Question 40

Where is the Linton panel now?

Answer 40

The South African museum in Cape Town

Question 41

What do we think the Linton panel shows?

Answer 41

a San figure gaining great power from their main god

Question 42

How did the San people use the power of their god?

Answer 42

To benefit the community by HEALING the sick and creating UNITY

Question 43

When was the current South African coat of arms made?

Answer 43

1994 (when South Africa became a democracy)

Question 44

What does the Linton panel have to do with the coat of arms?

Answer 44

The main figure from the Linton panel is used in the coat of arms as 2 people greeting to show UNITY

Question 45

When are San people considered to be married?

Answer 45

Once they live in the same shelter

Question 46

What is the n!ore?

Answer 46

the territory that a band of San people move around in

Question 47

What is a band of San people?

Answer 47

3 or 4 families that move around together, ranging from 15 to 40 people

Question 48

What type of society were the San people?

Answer 48

society with no hierachy which means - everyone treated equally - no leaders or chiefs - decisions made together by the whole band

Question 49

What was bride service in San culture?

Answer 49

when a new husband had to join his bride's band and work for them (e.g. hunt, prepare skins and do things around the home)

Question 50

How long did bride service last for?

Answer 50

usually until the couple had 3 children

Question 51

make cards on Khoikhoi people