History T4 Finals

Question 1

After WWII

Answer 1

• USSR +USA 2 nations emerged as world’s superpowers
• germany divided to 4 zones by Allies
• division of Germany decided by allied leader at yalta conference
• exact borders decided at potsdam conference
• french, British + USA zones united to create democratic nation of west germany

Question 2

Tensions between the USA and USSR

Answer 2

• issue of soviet occupation raised at Yalta conference
• Stalin refused to budge, claimed he was protecting USSR’s border
• little could be done as soviet troops already stationed in Eastern European countries
• USA developed atomic bomb, no longer rely on soviets to help defeat Japan
• old tensions between west and soviets resurfaced.

Question 3

The iron curtain

Answer 3

• speech by stalin claimed capitalism was a threat to world peace and stated he woulddefend the USSR by creation of modern weaponry
• USA’s response was to adopt policy of containment

Question 4

Start of the cold war

Answer 4

• cold war officially began
• conflict between the USA+Allies and USSR+allies
• capitalist west vs communist east
• both sides trying to extend their influence around the world

Question 5

USSR + Soviet satellites

Answer 5

political: socialism
economic: communism
goals: spread communism globally
organization: warsaw pact

Question 6

USA + western democracies

Answer 6

political: democracy
ecomonic: capitalism
goals: stop spread pf communism + collapse it
organization: nato

Question 7

The cold war (communism)

Answer 7

• no private person shpuld be allowed to profit from work of citizens
• all profit goes to the state
• fairness and equality for all
• controlled economy
• lower standard of living but all equal

Question 8

The cold war (capitalism)

Answer 8

• any person free to start business + employ people
• any profit made result of hard work
• oppotunity for all
• democracy
• free economy
• higher standard of living but gap between rich nd poor

Question 9

The berlin blockade

Answer 9

• june 1948-may 1949
• due to economic chaos USA, France and British zones decided to join together to create west Germany with a single currency
• idea of a strong west Germany alarmed Stain
• He blockaded the western zones in berlin 150km by cutting off all routes to west berlin
• resulted in 2mil berliners requiring 4000 thousand tons of food + fuel per day

Question 10

The berlin airlift

Answer 10

• Harry s. Truman flew food + medicine to the west of berlin

- over 11 months, US + British pilots flew over 277 000 missions to west, 8000 supplies per day

Question 11

Airlift facts

Answer 11

• blockade lasted 318 days (11months)
• 1948-49 berliners lived off dried potatoes, powdered eggs + cans of meat
• berliners only had 4 hours of electricity a day
• plane landed every 3 min
• some pilots dropped sweets and chocolates for the children
• american airmen regulated as heroes

Question 12

Results of the Berlin blockade

Answer 12

C- cold war got worse, almost started hot war
E-east and west Germany, Germany split up
N-nato and warsaw pact, western allies set nato up as a defensive alliance against USSR
A-arms race, USA +USSR realised they were in competition for world domination

Question 13

Berlin uprising

Answer 13

• demonstrations in east berlin and east Germany
• different working+living conditions between east and west
• demonstartions: political + economic freedom, union with west berlin, end to communism,soviet troops to withdraw

Question 14

Soviet demands

Answer 14

west should:

• regonise east germany
• withdraw troops from west berlin
• hand access routes over to east German goverment

Question 15

West germany

Answer 15

• prosperous due to capitalism
• attracted people from the east
• seen by user as infection in heart of communist germany
• wanted to prevent USSR from gaining control of east berlin
• wanted to unite + create a democratic germany

Question 16

East germany

Answer 16

• much less prosperous of communist control
• wanted to maintain control over east germany
• demand west recognise it as an independent state
• tried to stop flood of refugees, especially skilled + proffesionals

Question 17

Refugees from east to west

Answer 17

• only pensioners were allowed to emigrate out of east germany as they were a drain on the state
• 2 borders between germany (iron curtain + berlin wall)
• some tried to escape through sewer lines
• some used tunnels and home made hot air balloons
• around 200 people were killed

Question 18

The death strip

Answer 18

• 3.6m high wall
• guard dogs
• ditch
• sand bank
• electric fence
• watch tower
• border guards
• watch tower
• spikes in ground
• bunker
• concrete wall
• sign indicating closed off section of border

Question 19

Consequences of the berlin wall

Answer 19

• berlin physically divided
• free access ended between east and west
• families were split
• attempted escapes
• kennedy accepted soviet action
• refused to use US troops to take down the wall to avoid war with USSR

Question 20

Economic collapse of the USSR

Answer 20

• soviet people were not getting their basic needs met and were living in poverty with poor housing, no health care and lack of basic needs
• mikhail Gorbachev elected new leader of USSR to boost soviet morale
• he took the following steps: withdraw soviet forces from Afghanistan, withdrew economic and military support from satellite states, decreased soviet military spending substantially

Question 21

Fall of berlin wall

Answer 21

• east germany more reliant on USSR for support than other satellite states
• east germans had already moved into the west
• 9th November 1989 berlin wall fell after 28 years