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MD3002 - GU Clinical > History Taking: Genitourinary System > Flashcards

History Taking: Genitourinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Dys =

A

pain

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2
Q

Haemat =

A

Blood

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3
Q

Noct =

A

night

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4
Q

An =

A

none/absent

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5
Q

Oli =

A

little/small

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6
Q

Poly =

A

many/lots

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7
Q

uria =

A

urine

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8
Q

Major causes of oliguria and anuria

A
  • obstruction:
    • suprapubic pain with intense desire to micturate (enlarged prostate)
  • Hypovolemia:
    • dry/dehyrated
  • AKI/renal failure
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9
Q

Areas to ask about when a patients presents with oliguria/anuria

A
  • frequency
  • terminal dribbling
  • hesitency
  • pain (spurapubic, flank/loin)
  • incontinence
  • urgency
  • incomplete empyting
  • flow/stream
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10
Q

What are the main assoicated symtpoms of oliguria and anuria?

A
  • Vomiting
  • Fever
  • Malaise
  • Anorexia
  • Weight loss
  • Fatigue/lack of energy
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11
Q

What are the 5 main types of incontinence?

A
  • Stress
  • Urge
  • Overflow
  • Neurological
  • Mixed
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12
Q

Causes of stress incontience

A
  • Result of sphincter weakness
  • Small leak of urine when intra-abdominal pressure rises
  • E.g. coughing, laughing, sneezing, standing up
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13
Q

Causes of urge incontinence

A
  • Usually cause is detrusor instability
  • Strong desire to void and rush to go
  • “Didn’t get there in time”
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14
Q

Causes of overflow incontinence?

A
  • Usually due to outflow obstruction
  • Leakage of small amounts
  • Distended bladder palpable
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15
Q

Causes of neurological incontinence?

A
  • Different types – depends on cause and accompanying neurological deficits
  • E.g. Distended atonic bladder with large residual volume (autonomic neuropathy)
  • Loss of sensation and unexpected lack of control (spinal cord injury)
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16
Q

What would be suspected with a presentation of:

Dysuria, frequency, urgency, suprapubic discomfort

A

UTI

Cystitis

17
Q

What would be suspected with a presentation of:

Systemic upset, fever, rigors, vomiting, flank pain

A

pyelonephritis (infected kidney)

18
Q

What would be suspected with a presentation of:

Slow flow, hesitancy, incomplete emptying, dribbling, nocturia

A

enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hypertrophy, prostate cancer)

19
Q

What would be suspected with a presentation of:

painless flank haematuria

A

bladder cancer

20
Q

What are the main symptoms of an upper urinary tract obstruction?

A

Dull ache in flank/loin

Polyuria –> anuria

21
Q

What are the potential causes of an upper urinary tract obstruction?

A
  • Tumour (renal, ureter)
  • Stricture
  • Calculi
22
Q

What are the symptoms assoicatied with a lower urinary tract obstruction?

A

Benign prostate hypertrophy

Prostate cancer

Pelvic tumour (gynae

23
Q

What are the key symptoms that should be considered when asking about Male Reproductive HPC?

A
  • Urinary symptoms
  • Abdominal Pain
  • Systemic upset
  • Urethral discharge
  • Testicular pain
  • Testicular lumps
  • Joint, eye or GI symptoms
  • Ulcers
  • Itch
  • Smell
  • Rash
  • Fertility problems
  • Partner affected?
24
Q

What would be suspected with a presentation of:

Pelvic, perineal or scrotal pain, fever, systemic upset

A

acute prostatitis

25
Q

What would be suspected with a presentation of:

Chronic pelvic/perineal/scrotal pain and urinary symptoms:

A

chronic prostatitis

26
Q

What would be suspected with a presentation of:

Discharge, dysuria, other urinary symptoms

A

urethritis (STI or UTI)

27
Q

What would be suspected with a presentation of:

painless hard swelling of body of testis

A

testicular tumour

28
Q

What would be suspected with a presentation of:

acutely swollen unilateral testical

A

testicular torsion

29
Q

What are the key symtpoms to enquire about in a female reproductive HPC?

A
  • Urinary symptoms
  • Abdominal/pelvic/perineal pain
  • Systemic upset
  • Dyspareunia
  • Dysmenorrhoea
  • Menorrhagia
  • IMB
  • PMB
  • PCB
  • Vaginal dryness
  • Itch
  • Smell
  • Rash
  • Fertility problems
  • Possibility of pregnancy
  • Partner affected?
  • Smear history
30
Q

What is the average age to start a period in the UK?

A

12 and 11 months

31
Q

When shoudl amenorrhea be considered?

A

if no period by 14 years (in absence of secondary sexual characteristics), or 16 (if other features are developing normally)

32
Q

What is secondary amenorrhoea?

A

; had periods but now stopped for 6 consecutive months

33
Q

What is the average age for menopause?

A

Usually occurs between 45 and 55 years of age; average age is 51

34
Q

What is menopause before the age of 40 considered to be?

A

premature menopause or premature ovarian insufficiency

35
Q

How to calculate LMP?

A
  • usual cycle expressed as x/y, where

X = usual length of each period

Y = number of days from the start of 1 period to the start of the next

  • Usual range of Y is 21-35 days; average is 28
  • Blood loss is 50-200mls and averages 70mls
36
Q

What guides loss/heaviness of period?

A

to loss/heaviness is use of pads and tampons; presence of clots

37
Q

What is gravida?

A

number of times a woman has been pregnant

38
Q

What is para?

A

number of times that she has given birth to a foetus with a gestational age of 24 weeks or more

39
Q

What should be considered in a family history of GU system?

A
  • Renal disease
    • Kidney failure, Polycystic Kidney Disease and Alport syndrome can be particularly relevant
  • HT, stroke, diabetes, deafness, SAH
  • GU malignancies

MD3002 - GU Clinical (1 decks)

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