History Term 2 Test 2

Question 1

Colonial government

Answer 1

The constitution act of 1791 created Upper and Lower Canada as well as a new form of government
The British Governor General was the head of both colonies
Colonies were given a Lieutenant Governor, an Executive and Legislative Council, and a legislative assembly

Question 2

Governor/Lieutenant Governor

Answer 2

Appointed by the British government
Represented by the King/Queen
Always an Englishman
Responsible to the british government

Question 3

Executive Council

Answer 3

Appointed by the Governor
Assisted and gave advice to the Governor
Greatly influenced a newly appointed Governor

Question 4

Legislative Council

Answer 4

Aka upper house
Members appointed by the Governor
Members made and passed laws
Appointments made for life
Executive councillors could also be legislative councillors

Question 5

Legislative Assembly

Answer 5

Aka lower house
Elected by people for up to four years
Members could make and pass laws
Laws made could be rejected by the Legislative Council

Question 6

Family Compact

Answer 6

In Upper Canada
Dominated business and government
Apposed elected Assembly
Advocated appointed councils
Promoted industrialization, canal building, and banking.
A key member was Bishop john Strachan
He was head of anglican church who benefitted from clergy reserves

Question 7

Chateau Clique

Answer 7

In Lower Canada
Small upper-class families controlled government and business.
Similar to Upper Canada’s Family Compact but with English-speaking (elite in a French-speaking majority)
Quietly lobbied Britain to unite Upper and Lower Canada for an anglophone majority.
Goal: Assimilation of the French population.

Question 8

Tory party

Answer 8

British Party
Supported English businessmen
Believed aristocrats should hold power
Wanted economy to be based on local & international trade rather than farming
Supported attachment to British royalty and British Empire
Supported Protestant reform culture

Question 9

Parti Canadien

Answer 9

Supported French interests
Believed middle class should use their power to support the working class
Didn’t want close ties with Britain
Wanted economy to be based on agriculture, domestic trade, and local markets
Loyal to Catholic Church and wanted nothing to do with Protestant reform

Question 10

Ninety-two resolutions

Answer 10

n 1834, the Patriotes presented the Ninety-Two Resolutions to the Assembly.
The purpose of the bill was to outline their grievances to the British government and gave ideas for reform
Grievance - the formal expression of a complaint

Question 11

Ninety-two resolutions key points

Answer 11

The members of the Legislative Council should be elected by the people
The executive council must be “responsible to” (be supported by) the Legislative Assembly.
Responsible Government: When appointed officials have the support of elected representatives
Seigneuries must be abolished and turned into freehold (privately owned) farms.
The Lower Canadian government should control taxes, not the British government.

Question 12

Russell resolutions

Answer 12

May, 1837 – Britain issues an official response rejecting the Ninety-Two Resolutions.
British Parliament adopted the Russell Resolutions put forth by Lord John Russell.
These resolutions were created to put down the protest movement.

Question 13

Lower Canada unrest and rebellion

Answer 13

Mass protests erupted after the adoption of the Russell Resolutions, with widespread support for Papineau from farmers.
November 1837 – rioting occurred in Montreal
lead to the arrest of Patriote leaders
followed by widespread looting and burning of French-Canadian settlements by the English
Papineau and other rebel leaders fled to the United States.
some rebels joined the “Hunters’ Lodges,” a paramilitary group made up of exiled rebels
With the help of American volunteers, a second rebellion was launched a year later in 1838
it was poorly organized and was quickly put down followed by further looting and devastation in the countryside

Question 14

Reform movement Upper Canada

Answer 14

2 things that caused discontent in Upper Canada:
Government land grant policy
Richest and most privileged citizens received large pieces of land (created aristocracy)
Poorer settlers resented this
Favouritism toward the Church of England
Loyalists resented the British government for denying them political rights
They wanted democracy.
Reform Movement emerged, led by Marshall Spring Bidwell, William Warren, and Robert Baldwin.Reformers briefly gained a majority in the Assembly during the elections of 1828 and 1834
They were defeated in 1836.

Question 15

William Lyon Mackenzie

Answer 15

leader of extreme Reformers
In 1837, as the political situation worsened, William Mackenzie began plotting to take over the government
Mackenzie joined forces with the Patriotes of Lower Canada
Hoped combined forces would pressure the British government into granting requested reforms.

Question 16

Lord Durham

Answer 16

Sent to Upper and Lower Canada to find a solution to the rebellions
Created the Durham report
Had 5 main points
Upper + Lower Canada should be united.
The power of government in this united colony should be in the hands of the elected Legislative Assembly (Responsible Government).
Eventually, all of British North America should be united.
Municipal governments should be created for the towns.
The land question on Prince Edward Island should be resolved.
Only put into effect after his death

Question 17

Union Act

Answer 17

In 1840 the union act combined Upper and Lower Canada into the province of Canada
It had 62 articles which established the new province and its government
Province of Canada would have a Governor (head of gov.)
Appoints an Executive and Legislative Council
House of Representatives: 42 elected representatives from each of the Canadas
Revenues and debts of both provinces were consolidated
Upper Canada had more debts and less revenue, Lower Canada had less debts and more revenue. Electoral Districts:
Upper Canada created more seats
Lower Canada had fewer seats
In order to run as a candidate in an election, a person must own property worth more than 500 pounds after all bills were paid.
Parliament was to last for four years, unless the government decided otherwise.
The Governor can refuse to pass a bill
British government can disallow a bill up to two years after it passed
British Parliament will deal with land ownership

Question 18

The union act was dimmed to fail because…

Answer 18

Lack of responsible government
Lower Canada saw no advantages of the union
Political deadlock