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Science:The atomic nature of matter > History:The Medieval Times > Flashcards

History:The Medieval Times Flashcards

1
Q

Feudalism

A

The system of land ownership where rulers (king,lords)divided land among their followers in return for loyalty and taxes.

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2
Q

Peasants

A

The people who worked on a lord’s land.

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3
Q

Oath of chivalry

A

Sworn by a knight to be loyal to his lord , protect the poor and weak and be brave in battle.

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4
Q

Open field system

A

The system of farming where peasants were each given strips of land to farm in large fields .

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5
Q

Fallow

A

Leave the land uncultivated (not used for growing crops)for one year so that the soil could recover its nutrients.

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6
Q

Commons

A

Used for grazing the animals that belonged to the peasants.

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7
Q

Tithe

A

The payment of one tenths of a peasant’s annual income to the Church.

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8
Q

Charter

A

A contract whereby a town was granted freedom to run its own affairs but paid taxes to the king.

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9
Q

Guild

A

An organisation of skilled people who worked in the same trade.

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10
Q

The feudal system

A

King gives the lands to a lord (nobles)called a FIEF.The nobles give the lands to knights.Then the knights give the lands and protections to the peasants.The peasants give food and services to knights.The knights give protection and military services to the nobles.The nobles then give the king money and knights.

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11
Q

What is a motte?

A

A motte is the high mound (hill).

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12
Q

What is a bailey?

A

A bailey is the courtyard below the motte.

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13
Q

Defensive features in a pre Medieval Castle

A

It was surrounded by a wooden fence for protection.
A moat (trench with water) surrounded the castle.
A drawbridge led across the moat.

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14
Q

Battlements

A

A path on the top of the walls.

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15
Q

Turrets

A

Towers built on the wall for defence.

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16
Q

Portcullis

A

An iron gate raised to allow people to enter or leave.

17
Q

Gatehouse

A

Controlled the portcullis and drawbridge.

18
Q

What is a battering ram used for?

A

A battering ram was used to break in the castle gate.

19
Q

What is a mangonel used for?

A

A mangonel was a giant catapult used to hurl stones.

20
Q

What is a ballista?

A

A ballista was a giant crossbow.

21
Q

What is a siege tower used for?

A

A siege tower was a mobile wooden tower used to scale the walls of the castle.

22
Q

Stages of becoming a knight

A

*PAGE:Age 7: fostered by another lord .Learned singing,dancing and good manners.
*SQUIRE:Age14:He helped his lord dress for battle.Learned how to ride a horse and fight with a sword.
*KNIGHT:Age 21:He became a knight in the dubbing ceremony.He promised to obey his vows of chivalry.He became skilled in battle and at tour aments.

23
Q

Stages of becoming a craftsman

A

*AGE 14:a boy became an apprentice who worked with a master without pay.
*AGE 12:he became a journeyman who travelled with his craft from town to town.
*He was allowed become a master craftsman if he made a masterpiece.He could then open his own workshop.

24
Q

Monk

A

A boy became a novice monk before taking solemn vows to become a monk (poverty, chastity and obedience) at the age of 15.

25
Q

Two orders of monks

A

Benedictines and Cistercian

26
Q

Romanesque church

A

*Rounded doorways,arches and windows.
*Fewer and smaller windows
*Low ceilings
*Large pillars
*Weight of the roof supported by the walls and pillars inside.

27
Q

Gothic Church

A

*pointed doorways,arches and windows.
*More and larger windows ,sometimes with stained glass window.
*High ceilings
*Narrow pillars
*Flying buttresses

28
Q

Toll

A

A system of paying.
A tax on entry.

29
Q

Christendom

A

Kingdom of Christ

30
Q

Rule of St Benedict

A

The strict set of rules that monks had to live by.

31
Q

Vassals

A

nobles

32
Q

Fief

A

Someone who received land from the king.

33
Q

Oath of fealty

A

Sworn by vassals,promise to fight for the king,provide him with troops and pay him taxes.

34
Q

Dowry

A

sum of money or land

35
Q

Journeyman

A

Someone who wants to become a craftsman travel around to different workshops and towns for work and experiences.

36
Q

Black death

A

Caused by fleas on rats and was highly contagious.

37
Q

Friars

A

Monks who preferred to live among the people so that they could better help them.

Science:The atomic nature of matter (16 decks)

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