History Toxicology

Question 1

What does toxicology mean literally?

Answer 1

science of poisons.

Question 2

What does toxicology study?

Answer 2

nadelige effecten van exogene agentia op levende organismen.

Question 3

Why is toxicology important?

Answer 3

Veilige toepassen van stoffen voor mens, dier en
milieu.

Question 4

What is Bioavailability?

Answer 4

hoeveel van de werkzame stof beschikbaar komt op de bedoelde plek.

Question 5

What are antidotes?

Answer 5

tegengif, kan de werking van een giftige stof in het lichaam neutraliseren, vertragen of verzwakken.

Question 6

What is onset of action?

Answer 6

Time needed for an effect to happen

Question 7

What is potency?

Answer 7

hoeveelheid die nodig is om een bepaald effect te produceren

Question 8

What is specifity/site of action?

Answer 8

mate van reactie op delen van het lichaam

Question 9

Paracelsus

Answer 9

Everything is toxic, depending on the dose.

Question 10

Silent spring

Answer 10

pesticiden verdunnen eierschalen van vogels, dus minder vogels.

Question 11

Wat zijn Subdisciplines van toxicology?

Answer 11

• Neurotexicology, immunotoxicology, molecular toxicology, analytical chemical toxicology, genetic toxicology.

Question 12

Wat zijn 3 doelen modern toxicology

Answer 12

• Determine nature of toxicity
• Evaluation of health hazards and risks
• Advice to government, industry and consumers

Question 13

What do the effects of exposure depend on?

Answer 13

• How the substance is used
• Who uses it
• Concentration or dose of exposure
• How you are exposed
• How long, how often

Question 14

What exposure/absorption routes are there?

Answer 14

Inhalation, ingestion, absorption

Question 15

What is Acute exposure

Answer 15

short exposure with direct effect

Question 16

What is Chronic exposure

Answer 16

lower dosis, repeated over longer period of time with lag time

Question 17

What is Lag time

Answer 17

delay between first exposure and negative effect

Question 18

Wat are Chronic effects

Answer 18

effects that take longer to develop. Such as cancer & liver failure.

Question 19

Wat can be reversible damaged

Answer 19

liver

Question 20

What can be Irreversible damaged

Answer 20

brains

Question 21

what are the 4 categories of laboratoy animal exposure?

Answer 21

Acute: <24u, single dose
sub acute: <1m, repeated dose
sub chronic: 1-2m, 10% life span
chronic: >3m, 80-90% life span

Question 22

Where do Local effects happen

Answer 22

occurs at point of contact.

Question 23

Where do Systematic effects happen

Answer 23

occurs at a point distant from the original point.

Question 24

Wat is AOP

Answer 24

adverse outcome pathway

Question 25

Wat beschrijft AOP

Answer 25

Op welk level heeft het effect; cellen, organen etc.

Question 26

What is dose-response?

Answer 26

Relationship between dose and effect

Question 27

What is dose

Answer 27

amount of exposure to a compound

Question 28

What does dose response determine?

Answer 28

The lowest dose at which the induced effect occurs

Question 29

Wat is Dose-response curve

Answer 29

- Op een bepaalde dosis krijg je een effect. - Gebruikt bij risk assessment

Question 30

wat is EDx

Answer 30

effective dose, bijv. 50%

Question 31

wat is NOAEL?

Answer 31

greatest level of dose where no effect was seen No Observed Adverse Effect Level

Question 32

wat is LOAEL?

Answer 32

first level of dose where an effect was seen Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level

Question 33

Wat is LD?

Answer 33

Lethal Dose

Question 34

What does the Response effect depend on?

Answer 34

- Route - External dose - Concentration in body - Duration exposure

Question 35

What does Habers Law describe?

Answer 35

The occurrence and/or the strength of a toxic effect depends on the total exposure

Question 36

What is Habers law?

Answer 36

K = CxT K = constant, C=exposure concentration, t=duration of exposure

Question 37

How can you have Variation in response?

Answer 37

Interspecies: tussen verschillende soorten: weight, metabolisme Intraspecies: binnen een soort: age, sex