HISTORY UNIT 1 CANADA WEST

Question 1

What is Canada West known as today?

Answer 1

Canada West is known as present-day Ontario.

Question 2

In the first half of the 1800s: who was settling in Canada West?

Answer 2

Tens of thousands of British immigrants were settling in Canada West.

Question 3

Where were these British immigrants settling?

Answer 3

These British immigrants were settling on fertile land previously occupied by First Nations peoples.

Question 4

What transformation did Canada West undergo by the 1850s?

Answer 4

Canada West transformed from scattered, isolated settlements into a lively network of farms, towns, and cities.

Question 5

Before the 1850s: how were crops and timber primarily transported for export?

Answer 5

Before the 1850s: ships transported crops and timber for export to Europe and the United States.

Question 6

Who primarily benefited from ship transportation in Canada West?

Answer 6

People living near ports: rivers: or canals primarily benefited from ship transportation.

Question 7

What transportation challenges did farmers living further inland face?

Answer 7

Farmers living further inland struggled to get their crops to market.

Question 8

What significant development in the 1850s changed transportation in Canada West?

Answer 8

The boom in railway construction in the 1850s changed transportation in Canada West.

Question 9

How did railways benefit farmers living further inland?

Answer 9

Railways brought crops and other products to ports for export: benefiting farmers who previously faced transportation challenges.

Question 10

What was the main industry in Canada West?

Answer 10

Agriculture was the main industry in Canada West.

Question 11

Where was farming especially expanding in Canada West?

Answer 11

Farming was especially expanding north of Lake Ontario and Lake Erie.

Question 12

What were essential for transportation, trade, and local communities in Canada West?

Answer 12

Major rivers such as the Ottawa River and the St. Lawrence River were essential.

Question 13

What was the southern part of Canada West known for?

Answer 13

The southern part of Canada West had fertile lands suitable for agriculture.

Question 14

What was the northern part of Canada West characterised by?

Answer 14

The northern part of Canada West was heavily forested.

Question 15

What became centres of commerce for more remote settlements with railway development?

Answer 15

Answer: Towns and cities such as Toronto and Brantford became centres of commerce.

Question 16

What happened to all the fertile land stretching north from Lake Ontario and Lake Erie?

Answer 16

Answer: All of the fertile land stretching north from Lake Ontario and Lake Erie was being farmed.

Question 17

What developed as the railways expanded to serve rural populations?

Answer 17

Answer: More towns were established to offer services to rural populations.

Question 18

What provided new opportunities for immigrants moving to towns and cities in Canada West?

Answer 18

Answer: The economic growth created by the railways provided new opportunities.

Question 19

Who were Thornton and Lucie Blackburn?

Answer 19

Answer: Thornton and Lucie Blackburn were Black Americans who escaped slavery and became successful business owners in Toronto.

Question 20

What significant business did Thornton Blackburn start in Toronto?

Answer 20

Answer: Thornton Blackburn started the first cab service in Toronto.

Question 21

What was the population growth in Canada West between the 1840s and 1860s?

Answer 21

The population of Canada West tripled to almost one and a half million.

Question 22

Which ethnic group became the largest in Canada West by the 1860s?

Answer 22

The Irish became the largest ethnic group in Canada West by the 1860s.

Question 23

What provided employment for many Irish immigrants who lacked funds to buy land?

Answer 23

Railroad construction and local industries provided employment for many Irish immigrants.

Question 24

What social tensions arose due to competition for jobs in Canada West?

Answer 24

Answer: Social tensions arose as the Irish had to compete with Canadians and other immigrants for jobs.

Question 25

What caused increased tensions between Irish Catholics and Irish Protestants in Canada West?

Answer 25

Religious differences caused increased tensions between Irish Catholics and Irish Protestants in Canada West.

Question 26

What significant Protestant society was formed by Irish Protestants in Canada West?

Answer 26

Answer: The Orange Order was formed by Irish Protestants in Canada West.

Question 27

What influence did the Orange Order hold in Toronto?

Answer 27

The Orange Order held significant influence over politics: policing: and firefighting in Toronto.

Question 28

What was the political status of Canada West and what was the main industry?

Answer 28

Canada West was a British colony as part of British North America, and agriculture was the main industry.

Question 29

Which First Nations group adopted European farming, and what was the government's response to their land?

Answer 29

The Mississauga of the Credit River adopted European farming techniques, but the government refused to recognise their ownership and forced them off their land.

Question 30

Who were Nahnebahwequay and Kezhegowinninne, and what did they do for First Nations communities?

Answer 30

Nahnebahwequay (Catherine Sutton) and Kezhegowinninne (David Sawyer) were Ojibwe leaders who helped local First Nations bands start farms.

Question 31

What actions did the government of Canada West take regarding First Nations' land and what was one consequence of this?

Answer 31

The government pressured First Nations to sign away their territories and refused their attempts to buy back land, leading to protests, including in Britain.

Question 32

When was slavery abolished in British North America, and what was the Underground Railroad?

Answer 32

Slavery was abolished in British North America in 1833, and the Underground Railroad was a secret network to help enslaved Black people escape.

Question 33

What was the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 and how did it affect the number of people fleeing to British North America?

Answer 33

The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 in the United States allowed the recapture of escapees, causing even more people to flee to British North America.

Question 34

Approximately how many people fled via the Underground Railroad, and what did they establish in southern Canada West?

Answer 34

Between 30,000 and 40,000 people fled to British North America and many formed Black settlements with their own schools and churches.

Question 35

Who was Mary Ann Shadd and what was her role in the abolitionist movement?

Answer 35

Mary Ann Shadd was a Black Canadian activist who established abolitionist newspapers to inform the public about slavery and the Underground Railroad.

Question 36

How did the growth of railways impact farming, and what industry developed to support it?

Answer 36

Railways increased farming due to easier transport, and entrepreneurs began manufacturing farm machinery to meet demand.

Question 37

What was the significance of the Massey Company in Canada West?

Answer 37

By 1886, the Massey Company’s farm machinery factory was the largest factory in Toronto, employing 700 people.

Question 38

What improvements in transportation occurred by 1850, and what were two of their effects?

Answer 38

By 1850, railways and canals improved transportation, making it more efficient and connecting regions and opening up markets.

Question 39

Name two specific railway links in Canada West and beyond that were important.

Answer 39

Railways linked Montreal to Portland, Maine, and Toronto to Collingwood.

Question 40

What did railway construction encourage/influence?

Answer 40

Railways encouraged westward expansion, strengthening the economy and making Confederation more appealing.

Question 41

Besides agriculture, what were major rivers like the Ottawa and St. Lawrence River essential for in Canada West?

Answer 41

Major rivers were essential for transportation and trade, as well as local communities.

Question 42

Beyond Irish conflicts, what broader social tensions arose in Canada West during the mid-1800s?

Answer 42

Rapid immigration led to job competition among Canadians and Irish immigrants, causing broader social tensions beyond religious conflicts.

Question 43

How did the geography of Canada West influence its development and settlement?

Answer 43

Southern Canada West had fertile land for agriculture, while the forested north supported lumbering. Rivers like the Ottawa and St. Lawrence were vital for trade, transport, and community growth.

Question 44

Who was Harriet Tubman?

Answer 44

Harriet Tubman was a formerly enslaved Black woman who became a leading "conductor" on the Underground Railroad, a secret network helping enslaved people escape from the United States to freedom.

Question 45

What was Harriet Tubman's connection to Canada West and what was her impact?

Answer 45

Canada West, where slavery was abolished in 1833, was a major destination. Harriet herself had escaped to Canada West and aimed to help others do so too. Driven particularly by the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 in the US, Tubman made approximately **19 secret missions**, guiding an estimated **300 Black people** to safety in Canada West. Her actions significantly contributed to the population growth of Canada West and the establishment of Black settlements there.