History Y7 Revision 1066 Flashcards
(20 cards)
Which king died without an heir in 1066?
In 1066, Edward the Confessor, the King of England, died childless, leaving no direct heir to the throne.
Who were the 4 claimants to the throne in 1066?
Harold Godwinson, William, Duke of Normandy, Edgar the Ætheling, and Harald Hardrada.
Why did Harold Godwinson think he should be king?
Harold Godwinson thought he deserved the English throne due to a combination of factors, including his close relationship with King Edward the Confessor, his immense power and influence within the kingdom, and a claim that Edward had designated him as his successor on his deathbed.
Why did Harald Hardrada think he should be king?
Harald Hardrada, the King of Norway, believed he was a rightful claimant to the English throne due to a combination of factors. He saw himself as a descendant of the Viking kings who had ruled England, like Canute the Great. Additionally, he claimed a link to the Danish throne through his predecessor, Magnus I of Norway. He also had the support of Tostig Godwinson, Harold Godwinson’s brother, who was exiled from England.
Why did William of Normandy think he should be king?
William of Normandy believed he was the rightful heir to the English throne based on a claim that King Edward the Confessor had promised him the throne and that Harold Godwinson, who eventually became king, had sworn to uphold that promise.
What was the outcome of the Battle of Fulford?
The Battle of Fulford, fought on September 20, 1066, resulted in a decisive victory for Harald Hardrada and his Viking army, led by Tostig Godwinson, against the English forces led by Earls Edwin and Morcar. The Vikings were able to defeat the English, capturing York and forcing the English to retreat.
Who won the Battle of Stamford Bridge?
The Battle of Stamford Bridge, fought on September 25, 1066, resulted in a decisive victory for King Harold Godwinson and the Anglo-Saxons against the invading Viking forces led by Harald Hardrada. King Harold’s army defeated and killed Harald Hardrada, along with his brother Tostig Godwinson, and the vast majority of the Viking army.
Who fought in the Battle of Stamford Bridge?
The Battle of Stamford Bridge, fought on September 25, 1066, pitted the forces of King Harold Godwinson of England against the invading Norwegian army led by King Harald Hardrada and Harold Godwinson’s exiled brother, Tostig.
When was William of Normandy crowned king?
William of Normandy was crowned King of England on Christmas Day, December 25th, 1066. This took place at Westminster Abbey, where he was formally crowned by Archbishop Ealdred.
Why did William of Normandy win the Battle of Hastings?
William of Normandy won the Battle of Hastings primarily due to his superior army, leadership, and tactical prowess. His army was well-trained, equipped with better weapons, and included skilled archers and cavalry, giving him a tactical advantage. William also demonstrated strong leadership, keeping his army’s morale high, and employed effective strategies like a feigned retreat to break the English shield wall.
What is the Bayeux Tapestry?
The Bayeux Tapestry is a 70-meter-long embroidery that depicts the story of the Norman Conquest of England in 1066, specifically the events leading up to and including the Battle of Hastings.
Why is the Battle of Hastings significant?
The Battle of Hastings (1066) was significant because it ended Anglo-Saxon rule in England and ushered in the Norman Conquest, fundamentally altering English history, culture, and language.
What did William do to put down rebellions in the north of England?
In the north-east of England, from 1069 to 1070, William ordered villages to be burned to the ground, farm animals to be slaughtered, and crops to be destroyed. This is called the Harrying of the North. Thousands of people were killed and many more died of starvation over the next few years.
What is a ‘motte’?
A “motte” is the name given to a raised mound of earth, typically found at the heart of a motte-and-bailey castle
What was the Doomsday book and how did it help William control England?
The Domesday Book was a comprehensive survey of England commissioned by William the Conqueror in 1085-86, designed to record land ownership, resources, and the value of estates. It helped William control England by establishing a centralized system of land ownership, taxation, and military obligation, providing him with valuable information for managing the kingdom.
What was the name given to the Norman system where each group of people owed loyalty to the group above, starting with villeins, knights, barons and ending with the king?
The Norman system where each group owed loyalty to the one above, starting with villeins, knights, barons, and ending with the king, was known as the feudal system.
What was a Murdrum Fine?
The “murdrum fine” was a monetary penalty imposed on a community in Norman England if a Norman was killed and the murderer was not found or turned in within five days.
How did life change under the Normans?
The Norman Conquest of 1066 brought significant changes to English life, including changes in land ownership, legal systems, and religious practices.
Describe the Feudal system and explain why the Normans used it?
The feudal system was a hierarchical social and political structure that organized society around land ownership and military service. The Normans, led by William the Conqueror, adopted and adapted it to control England after their conquest in 1066.
Why did William build castles?
William built castles to solidify his control over England after the Norman Conquest, both by protecting his own forces and demonstrating Norman power to the conquered population.
