History Year 7 Flashcards
(90 cards)
1
Q
What is a Century?
A
100 years
2
Q
What is a decade?
A
10 years
3
Q
What is a period in history?
A
Separate divisions of time
4
Q
ACE (AD)
A
After Common Era or Anno Domini
5
Q
BCE (BC)
A
Before Common Era or Before Christ
6
Q
What is a millennium?
A
1000 years
7
Q
Give a time line of migrants to Britain starting in c2500 BCE
A
Beaker people
Centric tribes
Roman invasion (unsuccessful)
Birth of Christ
Roman invasion
Anglo-Saxon Britain
Viking invasion
Battle of Hastings
8
Q
What does chronology mean?
A
Putting events into time order
9
Q
Timelines are good in history because…
A
They help shoe the bigger picture
10
Q
What/who are the GRT people?
A
Gypsy, Roma, Travellers
They have a nomadic lifestyle. Now protected under law as at risk of discrimination, social exclusion
11
Q
Where is the Bayeux tapestry today?
A
Norman town of Bayeux
12
Q
What is the size of the Bayeux tapestry?
A
70m by 50cm
13
Q
What language is the Bayeux tapestry in?
A
Latin
14
Q
What was the organisation of the suffragists?
A
NUWSS - National Union of Women’s Suffrage Societies
Fawcett
15
Q
What was the organisation of the suffragettes?
A
WSPU - Women’s Social and Political
Pankhurst
16
Q
Why were suffragists more successful?
A
Not arrested
17
Q
Differences between Normans and Anglo Saxons?
A
Anglo Saxons ruled by a King, well organised government, rich. Edward the Confessor, then Harold Godwinson
Normans ruled by a Duke, William who became William the Conqueror. They were from Normandy in Northern France. Originally from Scandinavia and settled in Italy and N France. Known for fighting skills
18
Q
Why did William invade?
A
William believed he had a right, wanted to be richer. King more respected than a Duke. To get recognition from other kingdoms. Just across the English Channel.
19
Q
Why did Harold lose?
A
On foot, couldn’t control men. Should have stayed in London to collect more troops. Only housecarls we’re well trained. Shield wall broken
20
Q
Why did William win?
A
Blessing from Pope convinced them god on their side.
Wind changed favourably.
Rumour that he died so he raised helmet and they carried on.
When he arrived Harold was fighting Vikings at Battle of Stamford Bridge
21
Q
Why did William change the feudal system?
A
He wanted full control over country and rebels
22
Q
Why did William change the feudal system?
A
He wanted full control over country and rebels
23
Q
What is the feudal system?
A
People were given land and protection by people of higher rank and worked and fought for them in return.
King
Nobility
Knights
Peasants
24
Q
What type of castles did Normans build?
A
Motte and Bailey -
Motte is hill on which the keep is built
Bailey at the bottom where the houses and workshops are
Surrounded by a moat or ditch
Pallasides surround the keep and buildings
25
What was bad about motte and Bailey?
Can be burnt
Rots over time
Visible to get to the castle
Easy to break
Easy to breach
Most could overflow
26
What was good about Motte and Bailey?
Quick and easy to build
Fast protection
Not much material needed
Stable even if rushed
Easy to transport
High up
27
Why was Thomas Beckett murdered?
Appointed Archbishop of Canterbury
Quickly took job seriously and didn’t let Henry take control of church courts
Beckett expelled Henry’s friend from position in church
Beckett ran away to France
Henry and Beckett made up
Beckett returned and removed lots of bishops
Henry felt betrayed, knights overhead rage and thought Henry would be pleased if Beckett was murdered
Henry didn’t want that and tried to stop the knights but it was too late
Henry forced to apologise and whipped by monks
Beckett was made a saint
King kept power to choose bishops
28
How did King John lose power?
John had tried to take the throne from his brother Richard Lionheart when he was fighting in crusade
John made peace with Richard and became king when he died
John spent most of his reign fighting wars against the French for control of Normandy, the wars began in 1202
Power struggle with barons who were powerful people who looked after large amounts of land for the king
Barons were supposed to be loyal and provide knights for the king for battle
40 barons formed an army caned The Army of God and Holy Church and rebelled against John
John forced to make peace and signed magma carta in 1215 giving away some of his power
29
Why did peasants revolt in 1381?
Angry about low pay and introduction of poll tax. Revolt did not achieve all aims and leader Wat Tyler killed
30
Catholic facts
Pope leads church
Churches should be highly decorated
Priests should wear decorated robes
Priests cannot marry
Bible and church services should be in Latin
Gods deeds get you to heaven
Monasteries have a key role
31
Protestant facts
King or local ruler leads the church
Churches should be plain and simple
Priests should wear simple robes
Priests can marry
The bible and church services should be in language of local people
Faith alone should be enough to get you into heaven
No need for monasteries
32
Henry viii facts
Wore fur and velvet hat, puffy ornate jacket, gold and gems and a cod piece
Ruled for 38 years, 72,000 people were executed
Speaks 4 Languages, well educated
He was rich, ferocious and greedy for glory
Split away from Catholic Church over the divorce of first wife
In his youth he was athletic and attractive. In old age he became fat and grumpy
33
Spanish Armada facts
Spanish Armada set sail with 130 ships in 1588
English ships did little damage as it sailed up the English Channel
Anchored off Calais, English attacked using fire ships causing panic and ships to scatter
Next day English attacked and defeated them at Battle of Gravelines.
Attempted to sail home, hit by storms, 44 boats sunk
Forced to sail home via Scotland and Ireland, only half made it home
34
Elizabeth I facts
Wore a ruff, emeralds, ermine
Died in 1603 with no children
Last of Tudor monarch
35
Gunpowder plot facts
Plan 1 Tunnel
Plan 2 cellar
Warning
Arrest
Torture
36
What was the conflict between Charles I and Parliament
After Elizabeth I, James I a Stuart became king. He died in 1625 replaced by his son Charles I. Ruled until 1649 when he was executed. He believed in divine rights of kings (getting power from god)
Growing number of Puritan MPs in Parliament who held strong Protestant views.
Each believed they had the rights, king divine power, MPs voted in
Civil war split the country
Range of actions from royal soldiers
37
Cromwell vs King Charles I - should the king be executed?
For:
Caused war
Could be more war
Cannot be trusted
Fought against parliament
Cromwell victories say god is on his side
Against:
Need a king
Can’t kill king as chosen by god
No court can try a king
38
Why was Charles I executed in 1649
Found guilty of treason, tyranny, murderer
39
Cromwell good things
Banned people getting drunk, gambling and swearing
Became lord protector in 1653
Parliament members to be voted
Dissolved parliament when MOs were accused of being corrupt
Brilliant army tactician
Protected English Protestants in Ireland by sending in an army
Modest man
Refused to become king
He made England strong in Europe again
40
Cromwell bad things
Catholic women and children killed in Ireland during Siege of Drogheda
High taxes
Christmas a day of fasting and banned dancing around may pole
41
What did Beakers bring to England?
First metal smiths - copper, then gold, then bronze
Beaker shaped pottery
First to make woven garments
First alcoholic drink
42
How did Celts change Britain?
Were farmers and lived in small village groups in round huts in centre of arable fields.
Formed larger tribes, living in own special regions
Each tribe ruled by king/queen
Warlike
Superstitious
Worshipped many nature gods
43
What did Romans bring?
Straight roads, central heating systems, used concrete, aqueducts, sewers, toilets.
Introduced a new language, calendar and legal system
44
How did Angles and Saxons change Britain?
Built own wooden houses, spoke own language - giving rise to English we speak today.
Anglo-Saxons also brought their own religious beliefs
Divided into:
Northumbria
Mercia
East Anglia
Wessex
45
What changes did Vikings bring?
Set up or improved trade routes
New Viking words
46
How did Norman’s change Britain?
Built stone castles
New trade routes with France
One king in control
Introduced Norman French into English language
New rules for trials and courts
47
When was the Russian revolution?
1917
48
Who were on the opposing sides?
Tsar Nicolas II and Vladimir Lenin
49
What was Lenin’s party called?
Bolshevik
50
What type of power did Tsar Nicolas II have?
Autocracy - one person has all the power. The Tsar had almost total control and did not not seek advice from anyone
51
Was Russia as modern or politically developed as other countries in Europe?
No. This meant the revolution was more extreme
52
What was the problem with Tsar Nicolas II?
Was not well suited to ruling. He was indecisive but wasn’t willing to share the power. He believed he had the god given right to rule Russia
53
Want did the middle-class of Russia want?
Modern, fairer system for ruling Russia
54
Who established protest groups in Russia? And why?
The working class. To protest against harsh conditions
55
What did Russia rely on?
Farming. It did not import food. In some years where the harvest was bad there were famines
56
Did Russia have factories?
Yes, but industrial production was behind Europe
57
What were living conditions like in cities like St Petersburg?
Often terrible and working conditions in factories were harsh
58
How much land did the aristocracy (rich landowners )hold?
80%, despite being a small minority. There was a big divide between rich and poor
59
60
What caused the Russian revolution?
Lack of faith in Tsarist regime
Disastrous participation in WWI
Divide between minority rich and rest
Economic hardship, widespread poverty
Food shortages
Advocates for political change
61
What is communism?
A political ideology on how to run a country. An idea held by Karl Marx
62
Who is Karl Marx?
A German living in London in the 1840’s. He wrote Das Kapital and The Communist Manifesto. The books were popular as people saw his ideas as a better way to organise a country.
63
What was his idea?
Everyone would be equal and everything would be shared according to need.
No private property
The Government would run businesses for the good of the people
Countries would become socialist first then the whole world would be communist
64
Who took over after Lenin?
Joseph Stalin took over in 1924 and then Russia became a dictatorship
65
What is the gulag?
Labour camps maintained in the Soviet Union from 1930 to 1955
66
What party did Stalin lead?
The Communist Party, the only party
67
What happened under Stalin?
People’s jobs were strictly organised, media trivially controlled and religion criticised
68
Was Italy on the winning side in WWI?
Yes, with 600,000 dead
69
What was the Treaty of Versailles?
Signed 28 June 1919 marking end of WWI.
Imposed harsh terms on Germany. Including territorial losses and military restrictions - smaller army no airforce
Britain and France gained land but Italy did not
70
How were Italians after WWI?
1/10 were unemployed, food prices were high and riots were common
71
Who was Mussolini?
Benito Mussolini, formed the Fascist Party 1919.
72
What did middle-class Italian’s want?
They turned to Mussolini and rejected the Communist party (which wanted to create a fairer and more equal Italy
73
What is Fascism?
The idea that the government should control a whole persons life but that not all people are equal - some races are better than others
74
What was the Fascism deal?
Would ‘look after’ Italy by building roads and railways to give people jobs which would improve the economy, the army would increase and private businesses would operate. In return, the fascists would control all aspects of life - control the media, choosing sports teams, workers could not go on strike and do as they were told
75
What happened in Rome in 1922?
Mussolini marched on Rome to take over Italy. He made all the laws, opposition outlawed and opponents were beaten up or murdered
76
How much did Germany have to pay after WWI?
£7bn
77
How did Germans feel after WWI?
Unprotected as size of army reduced and no airforce
78
What happened to The Kaiser, Wilhelm II?
Gave up being king in 1918 and left his country. He was the last German emperor
79
What happened in Germany after WWI?
There were protests, strikes and riots by the armed forces.
German people went hungry
80
Who was Hitler?
Corporal Adolfo Hitler was sent to spy on the extreme right German Workers party in 1919.
By 1921 he was running the party and changed its name to the National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazi).
Germany faced social and economic problems. Had hyperinflation (high price rises).
Hitler used politics of fear and hatred (of Jews and Communists) to reach the people.
He attacked the Treay of Versailles and beat up those that spoke out against the Nazi party
81
Who were the native Americans?
Indigenous people of Americas, specifically the United States and Alaska.
82
Who are the Sioux?
A collective term for several indigenous North American tribes
83
Why did the Sioux hunt buffalo?
The buffalo provided warm animal skins to wear and food to eat in order to survive harsh conditions on the plains all year
84
How else did the Sioux survive on the Plains?
Tipi. Its design enabled it to be put up and down quickly so a tribe could move on and be nomadic.
The sides could be rolled up in the summer or blanketed with snow in the winter to provide extra warmth
85
Where were the Sioux?
Great Plains of North America
86
African colonisation
1884 to 1914 - the Berlin Conference formalised the division of Africa by European powers. Scramble for Africa
87
Which European countries were involved in colonising Africa?
Britain, France, Spain, Germany, Belgium, Italy and Portugal
88
What was the Peterloo massacre?
Took place in St Peter’s Field, Manchester in August 1819. 18 people died, 400 - 700 injured. Protest demanding parliamentary reform.
New laws were created to prevent meetings for radical reform
89
Who were the Chartists?
In 19th century England. A working class political movement advocating for social and political reform. Particularly the right for all men to vote
90
What was the Suffrage movement?
Decades long struggle for the right for women to vote.
Millicent Fawcett and Emmeline Pankhurst
