History2 Flashcards
(25 cards)
What crimes were punishable from 1000-1500?
Murder, Assault, Treason, Theft, Blasphemy, Drunkenness, Murder of a Norman
What punishments were used in 1000-1500?
Hanging, Stocks and Pillory, Fines, Wergild, Maiming, Mutilation, Hung/Drawn/Quartered
What trials were used in 1000-1500?
Hue & Cry, Tithings, Oaths
What law enforcement was used in 1000-1500?
Trial by Ordeal (ends 1215), Church Courts
What was happening in society from 1500-1700?
Beliefs/Superstitions rising, James I - Deamonologie book, Population growth, Printing increase, Reformation (Cath./Prot.)
What crimes were punishable from 1500-1700?
Heresy – 283 burnt by Mary, Treason – 1351 Act, Witchcraft - 1542, Rural crimes – poaching/enclosure, Smuggling – 1671 Game Act
What punishments were used in 1500-1700?
Execution by burning, Stocks/Pillory, Maiming, Hung, drawn & quartered, Transportation, Carting
What trials were used in 1500-1700?
Awaited in prisons, Courts, Judges Supreme, Habeas Corpus - prevented criminals being locked up without trial
What law enforcement was used in 1500-1700?
Matthew Hopkins (witch trials), Nightwatch men, Town Constables, Justices of the Peace, Hue & Cry, Houses of correction, Citizens/Army/Rewards
How many crimes were punishable by death with the bloody code?
200 crimes
Who was Matthew Hopkins?
A lawyer and the self-proclaimed Witchfinder General. He began searching for witches in East Anglia in 1645. Executed 112 women
What was the Gunpowder plot?
In 1605 a group of Catholics plotted to blow up the Houses of Parliament. The leader of the Plot was Robert Catesby. The man in charge of blowing up Parliament was Guy Fawkes. Placed 36 barrels of Gunpowder under Parliament, later they were found and Hung, drawn & quartered.
What was happening in society from 1700-1900?
Movement from rural areas to industrial, Public transportation improved, John Howard/Elizabeth Fry - improvement of prisons, Technology increase
What crimes were punishable from 1700-1900?
Poaching – 1723 Black Act, Smuggling – Hawkhurst gang/luxury goods (3 million on tea), Highway robbery – rise and declines, Tolpuddle martyrs – taking secret oaths and creating a union, Witchcraft ended - 1736
What punishments were used in 1700-1900?
Bloody code – 200 crimes (ended 1820s - 1830s), Transportation – Tolpuddle sentenced to 7 years and ended in 1857, Prisons – house of correction then prisons used. Fry and Howard reformed, Public executions stopped in 1868 after William Saville, Fines, stocks, pillory
What trials were used in 1700-1900?
Quicker, More trials, 1701 judges got a salary
What law enforcement was used in 1700-1900?
Bow street runners – paid from 1785, Metropolitan police – 1829 by Robert Peel, 1856 Police Act – police force everywhere, Parish constable, Watchmen, Army
What did Robert Peel do?
Introduced the Metropolitan Police (1829) and made the Goals Act (1823)
What was the Goals Act?
Act provided for visits by chaplains, salaries for gaolers, banned the use of irons and manacles, and allowed women wardens for female prisoners.
What was Pentonville Prison and what did it do?
Built in 1842, it was a model for other prisons across the country. Aimed to reform prisoners. Use of the separate system and introduced hard labour.
What is a deterrent?
A punishment that puts other people off from committing a crime?
What is retribution?
A punishment makes someone pay/suffer for their crimes
What is rehabilitation?
A punishment that changes a criminal’s life for the better.
Who was Elizabeth Fry?
Helped reform prisons, visited Newgate prison in 1813
