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History_Revision_-_Civil-Rights Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the federal system of government in the USA?

A

A system divided into states that can grant their own laws, but are under the federal government in Washington DC.

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2
Q

What is the principle of ‘checks and balances’?

A

A system where the three branches of government balance each other out to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful.

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3
Q

Define segregation.

A

The separation of different racial groups in daily life.

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4
Q

Define Jim Crow Laws.

A

Laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States.

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5
Q

What does ‘separate but equal’ mean?

A

A legal doctrine that justified racial segregation as long as the separate facilities were considered equal.

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6
Q

What effect did World War II have on black Americans?

A

It raised hopes for more equality after millions fought and worked in war factories.

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7
Q

What were some methods used by white people in the South to prevent black voting?

A

[“White gangs attacked black voters.”, “Literacy tests were applied with more difficulty to black people.”]

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8
Q

What was the role of the NAACP in the civil rights movement?

A

To fight for civil rights in the courts and challenge segregation laws.

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9
Q

What was CORE’s approach to civil rights?

A

Fighting for civil rights through non-violent protest.

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10
Q

What was significant about the murder of Emmett Till?

A

It garnered national attention and is often cited as a catalyst for the civil rights movement.

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11
Q

Who were the Dixiecrats?

A

Southern Democrats who strongly supported segregation and opposed civil rights laws.

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12
Q

What was the outcome of the Brown v. Board of Education case?

A

The Supreme Court ruled that segregated education was unconstitutional in 1954.

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13
Q

What happened during the Little Rock crisis in 1957?

A

Nine black students faced violent opposition when trying to integrate Little Rock High School.

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14
Q

What was the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

A

A protest against bus segregation sparked by Rosa Parks’ arrest for refusing to give up her seat.

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15
Q

Who was Martin Luther King Jr.?

A

A key leader in the civil rights movement known for his non-violent approach and powerful speeches.

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16
Q

Fill in the blank: The principle of ‘separate but equal’ was upheld in the _______ case.

A

Plessy v. Ferguson

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17
Q

True or False: The Brown ruling set a specific timeline for desegregation.

A

False

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18
Q

What was the impact of the Brown decision on Southern schools?

A

Many Southern schools resisted desegregation, leading to a rise in segregationist groups.

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19
Q

What was the main argument presented in the Brown case?

A

That segregated schools violated the 14th Amendment’s equal protection clause.

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20
Q

What did the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) do?

A

Organized the Montgomery Bus Boycott and promoted non-violent resistance.

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21
Q

What was the Supreme Court’s ruling in Browder v. Gayle?

A

The court decided that Montgomery’s buses should be desegregated.

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22
Q

Name a key organization that focused on fighting for civil rights through legal means.

A

NAACP

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23
Q

What was one consequence of the Little Rock integration efforts?

A

Increased national awareness of civil rights issues.

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24
Q

What role did black churches play in the civil rights movement?

A

They organized events and promoted non-violence and forgiveness.

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25
What was the significance of the Greensboro Sit-in in 1960?
It was a pivotal non-violent protest against segregation in public places.
26
What case did the NAACP begin in 1956 to desegregate Montgomery’s buses?
Browder v. Gayle ## Footnote The Supreme Court upheld the decision to desegregate buses.
27
Who was the president of the Women’s Political Council (WPC) during the Montgomery bus boycott?
Jo Ann Robinson ## Footnote Robinson played a significant role in organizing the boycott.
28
What was one of the reasons for the success of the Montgomery bus boycott?
Organisation ## Footnote The MIA coordinated efforts and existing groups had good contacts.
29
What was the significance of the Montgomery bus boycott?
It showed that civil rights campaigns could be successful if well organized and publicized ## Footnote It also highlighted the extreme reactions from some white people.
30
What year was the Civil Rights Act passed?
1957 ## Footnote This act allowed the government to prosecute states interfering with voting rights.
31
What was the Southern Christian Leadership Council (SCLC) established for?
To organize church-based protest across the South ## Footnote It was founded in 1957 and included leaders like Martin Luther King.
32
What was the main tactic used during the Greensboro Sit-in?
Sit-in ## Footnote This involved black students refusing to leave a segregated lunch counter.
33
In what year did the Freedom Riders begin their journey?
1961 ## Footnote They rode buses from the North to the Deep South to test desegregation.
34
What event is referred to as 'Bloody Sunday'?
The attack on protestors in Selma, Alabama in 1965 ## Footnote State troopers used tear gas and electric cattle prods on marchers.
35
What was the goal of the Freedom Summer in 1964?
To work on projects in black communities, focusing on voter registration ## Footnote This was particularly significant during an election year.
36
What did the 1964 Civil Rights Act achieve?
Banned segregation in public places and discrimination in voter registration tests ## Footnote It set up an Equal Opportunities Commission for job discrimination.
37
What was President Johnson's role regarding civil rights?
He supported civil rights and passed significant legislation like the 1964 Civil Rights Act ## Footnote He also intervened in events like Selma.
38
What organization did Malcolm X belong to before leaving in 1964?
Nation of Islam (NOI) ## Footnote His beliefs evolved after leaving the NOI.
39
What did the Black Power movement emphasize?
Pride in black culture and rejection of help from white people ## Footnote It also advocated for more militant approaches to civil rights.
40
What were the Ten Point Programme aims of the Black Panthers?
To patrol streets, pressure local authorities, and run community programs ## Footnote They aimed to improve living conditions in black ghettos.
41
What were some causes of the riots between 1964 and 1968?
* Government discrimination * Police discrimination * Poor education * Poverty ## Footnote These factors contributed to the unrest in black communities.
42
What was the main outcome of the March on Washington in 1963?
It demonstrated massive support for civil rights and included MLK's famous speech ## Footnote Over 250,000 people participated in the event.
43
Fill in the blank: The NAACP stands for _______.
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
44
Fill in the blank: CORE stands for _______.
Congress of Racial Equality
45
Fill in the blank: SCLC stands for _______.
Southern Christian Leadership Conference
46
Fill in the blank: SNCC stands for _______.
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
47
What were the biggest riots in the 1960s?
Watts area of Los Angeles (1965), Chicago (1966), Detroit (1967) ## Footnote These riots were significant events reflecting racial tensions and unrest in urban areas.
48
How did unemployment rates compare for black people?
Black people were twice as likely to be unemployed ## Footnote This statistic highlights the economic disparities faced by black Americans.
49
What was a primary cause of the riots?
Government discrimination ## Footnote City officials did little to tackle issues in black ghettos.
50
What sparked many of the riots?
Police shooting or violent arrest of a black person ## Footnote Many riots began in response to incidents involving police misconduct.
51
What were the conditions of schools in black ghettos?
Schools were rundown, badly equipped and poorly funded ## Footnote Educational inequities contributed to the cycle of poverty and unrest.
52
What living conditions did many black people face?
Cramped, poor-quality, and over-priced housing ## Footnote These conditions were a significant factor in the social unrest of the 1960s.
53
What was one impact of the riots?
More people joined Black Power groups ## Footnote The riots galvanized many individuals to seek more radical approaches to civil rights.
54
What did the Kerner Report (1968) conclude?
Poor ghetto conditions were the result of discrimination ## Footnote The report emphasized the need for white officials to address problems in black communities.
55
Who was Malcolm X?
A member of the radical group Nation of Islam ## Footnote He initially opposed forced integration but later changed his views before his assassination.
56
What slogan did those favoring violent direct action use?
'Black Power' ## Footnote This movement encouraged pride in black culture and often rejected assistance from white people.
57
What was one challenge faced by Martin Luther King’s campaign in Chicago (1966)?
Many of Chicago’s black politicians were against the campaign ## Footnote This opposition limited the effectiveness of the campaign efforts.
58
When was Martin Luther King assassinated?
April 4th, 1968 ## Footnote His assassination led to widespread riots and heightened tensions across the nation.
59
What was one outcome of King's assassination?
The 1968 Civil Rights Act was passed ## Footnote This act included provisions for fairer housing and protection for civil rights workers.
60
What did President Nixon encourage black people to do?
Set up their own businesses and own their own homes ## Footnote Nixon's policies aimed to promote economic independence among black Americans.
61
What did the 1970 Voting Rights Act amendment do?
Banned literacy tests altogether ## Footnote This amendment aimed to eliminate barriers to voting for black Americans.
62
What progress had been made by 1975?
More black people in government and affirmative action policies implemented ## Footnote Despite these advances, significant inequalities remained.
63
What issue did the Freedom Summer focus on?
Voter registration in the South ## Footnote This initiative aimed to increase black voter participation.
64
What limitation did the 1964 Civil Rights Act have?
It did not eliminate all forms of discrimination ## Footnote While it was a significant step forward, many inequalities persisted.
65
What did the 1965 Voting Rights Act achieve?
Banned discrimination in voting ## Footnote This act was crucial in advancing voting rights for black Americans.
66
What was one reason for the growth of the Black Power movement in the 1960s?
Disillusionment with non-violent protests ## Footnote Many black activists felt that more radical approaches were necessary.
67
What was a key finding of the 1968 Kerner Report regarding city riots?
Riots were caused by poor ghetto conditions resulting from discrimination ## Footnote This finding highlighted systemic issues in society.
68
What was one consequence of the violence during King's campaign in Chicago?
Daley ignored the agreement he had made about housing ## Footnote This demonstrated the challenges of implementing change in local governance.
69
What significant event occurred in 1966 related to the Black Panthers?
Black Panthers were set up ## Footnote This group became known for its militant stance on black empowerment.

civil rights (1 decks)

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