Hitler 33-45 Flashcards
(28 cards)
What year was the Treaty of Versailles signed, and why did it anger Germans?
1919; It caused humiliation, war guilt, reparations (£6600 million), military restrictions, and loss of colonies.
What was the Ruhr Crisis of 1923?
French occupation of the Ruhr led to hyperinflation and economic crisis in Germany.
What was Article 48 of the Weimar Constitution?
Emergency law allowing the president to pass laws without Reichstag approval, later abused by Hindenburg.
What were Hitler’s main aims in the Nazi Party?
Unite Germans under Greater Germany (Lebensraum), revoke Treaty of Versailles, restrict citizenship to Aryans, deny Jews membership of the Volk.
When was Hitler appointed Chancellor of Germany?
January 1933.
What event was used as a propaganda tool to suppress communists in 1933?
Reichstag Fire.
What was the Enabling Act (1933)?
Law allowing Hitler to govern without Reichstag approval, effectively giving him dictatorial powers.
What was the Night of the Long Knives (1934)?
Purge of SA leadership, especially Ernst Röhm, consolidating Hitler’s control and empowering the SS.
When did Hitler become Führer, and how was this confirmed?
1934, after Hindenburg’s death; confirmed by a plebiscite with 92% approval.
What was the oath taken by the German army (Wehrmacht) under Hitler?
Unconditional loyalty to Hitler personally.
Who led the SS, and what was its role?
Heinrich Himmler; ran concentration camps, enforced racial ideology, and maintained loyalty and obedience.
What was the role of the Gestapo?
Secret police with no legal restrictions, used fear and violence to suppress opposition.
What was the Bamberg Conference (1926)?
Nazi Party meeting where Hitler abolished the Strasser brothers’ socialist influence to unify the party.
Name key opposition groups to Hitler and their methods.
Left (SPD, Communists) - suppressed; Right (July Bomb Plot 1944); Youth (White Rose, Edelweiss Pirates) - leaflets and nonconformity; Church - passive resistance and some policy influence.
What were the Nuremberg Race Laws and when were they introduced?
1935 laws that institutionalized racial discrimination against Jews.
What happened during Kristallnacht, and when?
November 1938; violent pogrom against Jews, destruction of businesses and synagogues.
What was the ‘Final Solution’ and when was it implemented?
1942; Nazi plan for the systematic genocide of Jews (Holocaust).
What was Hitler’s economic policy aim?
Create a strong industrial economy for war, reduce unemployment, and achieve autarky.
Who was Schacht and what was his role?
Minister of Economics; promoted financial growth, rearmament, and reduced unemployment via the New Plan (1934).
What was the German Labour Front (DAF)?
Nazi organization controlling workers, replacing trade unions, regulating labor under state control.
What was the Hitler Youth and its significance?
Organization to indoctrinate youth with Nazi ideology; membership compulsory by 1939.
What were the 3 Ks in Nazi policy towards women?
Kinder (children), Küche (kitchen), Kirche (church) - promoting traditional roles and anti-feminism.
What was the T4 Euthanasia Program?
Nazi program to exterminate disabled people; sterilized 350,000 by 1939 and killed 70,000 before suspension in 1941 due to protests.
What was the role of propaganda under Hitler?
Spread Nazi ideology via radio, education, media control, and events like the 1936 Berlin Olympics.
