Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

GENERAL MEDICINE > HIV > Flashcards

HIV Flashcards

(84 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is AIDS

A

a) Presence of AIDS indicator condition, irrespective of CD4 AND/OR
b) CD4 <200 /ul irrespective of Clinical symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Is Herpes simplex an AIDS indicator condition or Herpes zoster

A

Herpes Simplex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Persistent Glandular lymphadenopathy falls in which category of CDC? Category A, B or C

A

Category A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What Family and Subfamily does HIV belong to

A

Family- Retrovirus

Subfamily- Lentivirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which chimpanzee is Reservoir of HIV

A

Pan troglodytes troglodytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name 3 types of Cells which contain CD4 which are infected by HIV

A

T lymphocytes
Monocytes /Macrophages
Dendritic cells / Langerhans cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which are the two types of Co-receptors to which HIV binds

A

CXCR4

CCR5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is APOBEC

A

APOBEC is family of cellular proteins which inhibis progression of virus after it enters the cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which gene and protein of virus acts against this APOBEC

A

Vif gene which encodes for p23 protein acts against APOBEC to maintain virus infectivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the major difference in terms of Genes between HIV 1 and HIV 2

A

HIV 1 contains vpu gene

HIV 2 does not have vpu gene instead it has vpx gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which gene encodes for p24 (core of virus)

A

Gag

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which gene encodes for the enzymes Reverese transcriptase and integrase

A

Pol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which gene encodes for gp120

A

Env

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which gene prevents apoptosis of infected CD4 cells

A

Nef

Env, tat and vpr are pro-apoptotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which is the most common virus type, HIV1 or HIV 2

A

HIV1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which is the most common group of HIV 1 virus

A

M group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which is the most common subtype or clade of HIV 1

A

M group , C subtype

Also the most common in India

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are CRFs in HIV

A

CRF are circulating recombinant factors

2 virus subtype join togather in same individual to form a new subtype or CRF which gives then a selective advantage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which is the most common CRF in Southeast asia

A

CRF01_AE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which is the most common mode of transmission of HIV world wide

A

Sexual route (Heterosexual) transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Does hepatitis B immunoglobulin transmit HIV

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Does FFP transmit HIV

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which is more infectious, male to female transmission or female to male

A

Male to Female

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Circumcision reduces risk of HIV transmission? TRUE OR FALSE
True
26
HIV sexual transmission occurs maximum in late phases, TRUE OR FALSE
False | Sexual transmission is more in early phases
27
OC pills reduces the risk of HIV transmission.. TRUE OR FALSE
False | It increases the risk due to changes in the cervix
28
What is risk of HIV, Heptitis B and Hepatitis C transmission after occupational skin puncture contaminated with blood
HIV 0.3% Hepatitis B- 6-30% Hepatitis C- 1.8%
29
Saliva is infectious in HIV? TRUE OR FALSE
False
30
During which period of time, mother to fetus transmission Is maximum in HIV
During delivery (intrapartum)
31
Aminocentesis increase the risk of Mother to child transmission? TRUE OR FALSE
True
32
Vitamin A deficiency increase the risk of HIV transmission by breast feeding? TRUE OR FALSE
True
33
What type of cells are specifically depleted by HIV
T helper cells
34
What is DC-SIGN and what is its role
DC- SIGN is C type lecithin receptor located on Dendritic cells which helps it to bind with Gp120 of HIV and helps HIV enter the dendritic cells
35
What is effect of HIV on HLA
HIV dowregulates HLA class I molecule This helps it to evade immunity Nef protein helps HIV achieve this
36
What are the targets of natural antibodies against HIV
The targets are HIV surface proteins Gp120 and Gp41 | However HIV has hypervariablity of this enevelope proteins which helps it to evade the antibodies
37
Monocytes are reservoir for HIV? TRUE OR FALSE
True
38
Which is the mean duration from initial HIV infection to AIDS in an untreated individual
10 years
39
What is role of GB-Virus in HIV
Patient infected with GB virus C along with HIV have longer Lifespan then those without the infection It protects from HIV
40
Immune activation is preserved in HIV? TRUE OR FALSE
False | Abberent immune activation is one of the hallmarks of HIV
41
CMV virus upgrades HIV virus? TRUE OR FALSE
True | Other viruses like Herpes simplex, EBV , HHV , HTLV-1 are also known to do this
42
Malaria increases HIV viral load? TRUE OR FALSE
True | Malaria and TB increase HIV viral load
43
Which is the most common opportunistic infection in HIV world wide
Tuberculosis (Source: Harrison 18th edition)
44
Severity of HIV correlates with severity of CD4 apopotosis? TRUE OR FALSE
False CD4 apoptosis does not correlate with viral level (CD4 count does, but not CD4 apopotosis !) It reflects the degree of immune activation and not apoptosis
45
What type of auto- Antibodies are seen in HIV
``` Anti MHC class II autoantibodies are seen in HIV There is a cross reactivity between MHC Class II and envelope antigens of HIV (gp120, gp41) ```
46
Which two infections are commonly worsened by immune reconstitution in HIV (IRIS)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Cryptococcus
47
Which TNF induces and which suppresses HIV
TNF beta- suppresses HIV | TNF alpha- increases HIV
48
Interferon suppress HIV infection, TRUE OR FALSE
Interferon alpha and beta suppress HIV
49
Lymphocyte turnover increase in HIV? TRUE OR FALSE
True
50
CCR5 and CXCR4 are seen in which HIV virus strains
CCR5- R5 virus CXCR4- X4 virus Both ? R5X4 virus
51
What blocks the entry of R5 virus
CCL3, 4, and 5 (RANTES and MIP1) blocks R5 virus
52
What blocks X4 virus
SDF-1 blocks X4 virus
53
What type of virus predominates in early phases of HIV tramsmission
R5 virus predominates in early phases
54
What is the implication if patient has X4 virus
There is rapid progression with X4 virus
55
Which Clade does not switch from R5 to X4 (CCR5 to CXXR4)
Clade C never switches from R5 to X4
56
Which infects CNS more, R5 or X4
R5 virus are implicated in affecting CNS
57
B cells are also affected by HIV? TRUE OR FALSE
False Untransformed B cells are not affected by HIV HIV however can activate B cells directly However in practice, absolute number of B cells are reduced in HIV
58
Monocytes are reduced in HIV? TRUE OR FALSE
False Absolute number of Monocytes are normal However monocytes are infected by HIV as mentioned earlier
59
NK cells are reduced in HIV? TRUE OR FALSE
False | They are normal in number
60
Which two types of cells are most affected in brain in HIV
Perivascualr macrophages | Microglial cells
61
Astrocytes enhances HIV replication in brain.. TRUE OR FALSE
False
62
Neurons are directly damaged by HIV.. TRUE OR FALSE
False | Neurons and Oligodendrocytes are not affected by HIV
63
What Chemokine level in CSF correlates with HIV encephalopathy
MCP1 levels in CSF correlates with HIV encephalopathy
64
What is importance of Apo E4 in HIV
Individuals with Apo E4 are at higher risk of HIV encephopathy and Peripheral neuropathy
65
What type of cell predominate in Kaposi?s sarcoma
Spindle cells
66
Kapsosi?s sarcoma is associated with which virus
Human herpes virus 8
67
Antibodies to HIV appear in what time
In 6 weeks (22 days)
68
First antibodies are against which protein
Gag proteins ? esp p24, p17 and p55
69
LAB DETECTION OF HIV
_____
70
By which method can you detect HIV earliest
Nucelic acid testing (Source: Harrison 18th edition) | Tests HIV within 12 days of infection
71
What are the window periods for a) antibody b) p24 c) NAT
Antibody- 6 weeks (22 days) P24- 16 days NAT- 12 days
72
Which method is the best screening test for HIV
ELIS A is the best screening test | It has 99.5% sensitivity
73
What is 4th generation ELISA
It combines HIV Antibody ELISA with p24 antigen testing
74
Which is the best confirmatory test for HIV
Western Blot
75
What is FDA criteria for Positive Western blot
2 out of 3 antigens must be positive ? p24, gp120, gp41
76
what is role of p24 capture assay
It has role in detection of acute HIV syndrome
77
How many copies of HIV virus are required for detection by commercially available HIV RNA Tests
40-80 copies/ml
78
At what CD4 emperically is ART considered
CD4 <350 /ul
79
At CD4 <50 which opportunistic infections occur
MAC | CMV
80
When is PCP prophylaxis started
CD4 <200
81
CD of 200 correletes with CD4 percentage of
15%
82
effective therapy for HIV is when HIV RNA falls to _____
<50 copies
83
When is HIV trophic testing done
It is done for detecting CCR5 when drug Miraviroc is started | It is effect only if patient has CCR5
84
What is role of beta2 microgloblin and IgA levels in HIV
They are markers of disease activity in HIV

GENERAL MEDICINE (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions